L29: Nosocomial disease

Question 1

definition of nosocomial

Answer 1

infections acquired in hospital or other healthcare associated infections

Question 2

examples of nosocomial infections

Answer 2

surgical wound infection, gastroenteritis, urinary catheter assocated infections

Question 3

infection incubation period time

Answer 3

short
- >48h
- withing 30 days after leaving hospital

Question 4

wound infection rates depend on

Answer 4

1. degree of microbial contamination of the wound
2. extent of poorly perfused tissue remaning after surgury/injury (clot)
3. presence of foreign material wound
4. host immunity
5. antimicrobial treatment

Question 5

skin cancer removed from someones back.
- what is the likelihood they will develop a wound infection?

Answer 5

1-5%

Question 6

skin cancer removed from someones back.
- source of organisms causing wound infection

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

skin cancer removed from someones back.
- what organism likley causes wound infection

Answer 7

staphylococcuc aureus

Question 8

appendicectomy
- chance of developing infection

Answer 8

10 - 20%

Question 9

apendicectomy
- origin of infection causing organisms

Answer 9

bowel contents

Question 10

apendicectomy
- organisms likley to cause infection

Answer 10

e. coli, bacteroides fragilis (anaerobes, gram -)

Question 11

leg trauma
- chance of infection and type of organism

Answer 11

5-10%, staph aureus

Question 12

prevention of wound infection

Answer 12

1. avoid contamination
2. clean
3. prevent further contamination
4. remove dead tissue
5. avoid creation of fluid collection
6. antibiotic prophylaxis

Question 13

chance of developing infection upon catheter insertion

Answer 13

5% each day

Question 14

organisms possible for catheter infection

Answer 14

e. coli, k. pneumoniae

Question 15

clostridium

Answer 15

gram positive baccilus

Question 16

what does clistridium difficile cause?

Answer 16

enterocolitis

Question 17

means of transmission C. difficile

Answer 17

hands of staff and patients touching contaminated surfaces

Question 18

prevention of nosocomial infection

Answer 18

sterilisation, disinfection, cleaning, isolation

Question 19

sterilisation

Answer 19

destruction or elimination of all forms of life

Question 20

types of sterilisation

Answer 20

autocalving (steam), gas (ethylene oxide), chemical (hydrogen peroxide), irradiation (ultraviolet)

Question 21

testing for sterilisation efficacy

Answer 21

spores of heat resistant bacteria - see if killed

Question 22

disinfection

Answer 22

kills all vegetative bacteria but not all bacterial spores

Question 23

inactivation of HIV

Answer 23

bleach

Question 24

disinfection examples

Answer 24

alcohol, formaldehyde, phenols, hydrogen perooxide