L29 Flashcards
What drives microbiology?
Pathology
Proaryotes make how much of the Earth’s biomass?
20 - 50%
*9.2 - 31.7 x 10^29
How do we know that most organisms have not been cultured?
From what we have cultured using a unique fingerprint obtained from a 16S RNA mechanism, that is a protein synthesis process found in all organisms
What does sequencing the 16S gene help us to do?
Help us to find the genera of the microbe
How to microbes live on a grain of sand?
They have different metabolic processes, they oxidise the gases in the air
What is a population
When a single microbe proliferates to form many individuals
Community
Multiple populations interacting together
Microbial ecology
The study of how microbes interact with each other and their environment
What is enrichment culture
Enrichment culture - providing the temperature and
chemical conditions in the laboratory that encourage
the growth of specific groups of microbes.
Beggiatoa
chemoautotroph, fixed CO2 from the atmosphere like a plant by oxidizing an inorganic molecule
Mesocosm
an experimental system that simulates real-life conditions as closely as possible to study them in the lab
Two goals from 1 process
*Harvesting energy
*12 of the building blocks to make things
What do we all need?
An e- donor for energy, glucose –> oxidised to make CO2
Are bacteria versatile in their reaction pathways
Yes as they can have different donors and acceptors
What happens when H is oxidised
Releases protons and electrons
Why does O2 in our body accept the H from the NADPH
It gets reduced to form CO2 as it has the most redox potential
Where does NADPH do
Recycled to NADP+
What is the energy harvested from the envir turn into
The local currency of the body, in humans its ATP
Molecule that serves as intermediates to transfer
energy inside of cell
NADH/NADPH
Conc and ratio of NADH/NADPH
Conc. stays the same but ratio changes as NADH/NADPH is recycled
Two main areas:
Carbon source and Energy used
Autotrophs use _____ while heterotrophs use ____
CO2, Organic Carbon
Autotrophs
AUTOtrophs = Primary Producers
*Fix CO2
*Self sufficient, do not require carbon
Heterotrophs
HETEROtrophs = Decomposers
*Need fixed carbon,
*cannot use CO2 directly
*CO2 is oxidised
Chemotrophs
use chemical energy from either e- donors:
* C compounds = organic
*Non C compounds = inorganic
Autotrophs
Uses solar E at diff wavelengths to syn ATP
Chemoautotrophs
Fixes an inorganic molecule with Energy from the sun
Makes own C source and then uses chem Energy to break bonds and make ATP
Photoautotrophs
Fixes CO2 using E from the sun plants
Chemoheterotrophs
Need Carbon molecules –> CO2 using chemical E obtained from organic/inorganic
Our Energy and Carbon source are organic carbons
Photoheterotrophs
Uses light to make E but their Carbon source is not made by them
How do microbes in the same area exploit the same resource light
Light = common resource
*Avoid competition by tuning their
antenna to different wavelength i.e absorb diff wavelengths