L19

Question 1

What is Mendel’s first law

Answer 1

Genes segregate at meiosis so that
each gamete contains only one of the
two possessed by the parent”

Question 2

Monohybrid cross

Answer 2

Cross between two heterozygotes
3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 3

Dihybrid cross

Answer 3

9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 4

Mendels 2nd law

Answer 4

Alleles of different genes assort
independently during gamete formation”

Question 5

Independent

Answer 5

The formation of one gamete has no affect on the other, use the product rule

Question 6

When to use the sum rule?

Answer 6

For mutually exclusive events

Question 7

What is polymorphism?

Answer 7

A lot of different Alleles for one gene, but in an organism, they can only have two alleles on the homologous chromosomes, different alleles in the population

Question 8

Incomplete dominance

Answer 8

An intermediate of the two alleles
1:2:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 9

What happens in a recessive allele?

Answer 9

Less functioning due to a mutation (eg a stop codon), prevents the gene from being expressed fully

Question 10

Co-dominance

Answer 10

two alleles expressed side by side fully in a heterozygote

Question 11

Polygenic traits

Answer 11

Phenotypes that are controlled by many genes, can be continuous or quantitative

Question 12

What is the additive effect?

Answer 12

All the genes in polygenic traits contributing to the trait eg IQ, skin, height