L27 BW (HIV) Flashcards
how long dose the development of AIDS lag behind HIV
a decade
NRTI MOA
competitive inhibitors that inhibit the production of DNA by premature chain termination
HIV ___ is more prevalent worldwide,
whereas HIV ___ is more prevalent in W. Africa
HIV 1 is more prevalent worldwide,
whereas HIV 2 is more prevalent in W. Africa
how is donated blood screened for HIV
(1) the presence of HIV antigens (p24) or (2) RNA NAT
what complicates tx and necessitates the use of combo chemo to suppress infections
the fast mutation rate
how do we break HIV transmission
education about U=U
undetectable = untransmissable
+ PrEP
AIDS defining conditions emerge when
as immune system fails due to opportunistic infections, CA and other conditions
U = U
Undetectable = Un-transmissible
reverse transcriptase inhibitors include
nucleoside/tide analogs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
why is simultaneous tx with multiple agents required in HIV
HIV has such a high mutation rate
what makes us hope that more HIV infections will be recognized sooner
that HIV antibody detecting rapid tests are in use
what population in the US is currently showing the greatest rates of increase
heterosexuals
what reduces emergence of opportunistic infections, threat from AIDS associated CA, and reduced risk of transmission
starting HAART early
what does the future of HIV tx?
maturation inhibitors and integrase inhibitors
How do you determine tx for HIV pts
watch viral loads trends. If they dip, adjust meds
downsides of the typical infection screening approach
does not ID pts with recent infections who have not yet developed an antibody response
best method of HIV prevention
education
combination of which 2 drug groups has made a huge difference in clinical condition of HIV pts and sinks the virus to undetectable levels
protease inhibitors
and
nucleotide analogs
is donated blood safe from HIV
yes- the 2 techniques it uses do not rely on patient antibodies (which can take a while to develop in an infected person)
HIV tx is ___ but ____
HIV tx is difficult but compliance is essential to avoid drug resistance
HIV virus load pattern
rise, dip, return
fusion penetration inhibitors
interfere with HIV entry into host
what test ID’s HIV even if the pt has not yet developed antibodies
Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT)
protease inhibitors
stop maturation/ viral assembly
what are the AIDS defining conditions
kaposi’s sarcoma
MAC infection
PCP
CMV
candidiasis
cryptosporidiosis
how do you decide if a new tx regimen is needed
follow viral load count trends
typical HIV dx through screening:
2 step system: (1) EIA screen to reveal anti-HIV antibodies in serum and (2) western blot for confirmation
HIV tx
combo antiviral agents (HAART)
times of highest risk of HIV transmission
early disease periods when virus load is high but pt may be unaware they have it
how many types of HIV
2 distinct types (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and many subtypes
NNRTI MOA
bind to reverse transcriptase and inhibit enzyme activity
all HIV pts are considered to be
lifelong carriers and continuously infectious
HIV ___ is less transmissable, slower progression to AIDS, and resistant to NNRTIs
2
what is HAND
HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder
** can impact ability to adhere to tx regimen**
how do insects transmit HIV
THEY DON’T
