L27 BW (HIV)

Question 1

how long dose the development of AIDS lag behind HIV

Answer 1

a decade

Question 2

NRTI MOA

Answer 2

competitive inhibitors that inhibit the production of DNA by premature chain termination

Question 3

HIV ___ is more prevalent worldwide,

whereas HIV ___ is more prevalent in W. Africa

Answer 3

HIV 1 is more prevalent worldwide,

whereas HIV 2 is more prevalent in W. Africa

Question 4

how is donated blood screened for HIV

Answer 4

(1) the presence of HIV antigens (p24) or (2) RNA NAT

Question 5

what complicates tx and necessitates the use of combo chemo to suppress infections

Answer 5

the fast mutation rate

Question 6

how do we break HIV transmission

Answer 6

education about U=U

undetectable = untransmissable

+ PrEP

Question 7

AIDS defining conditions emerge when

Answer 7

as immune system fails due to opportunistic infections, CA and other conditions

Question 8

U = U

Answer 8

Undetectable = Un-transmissible

Question 9

reverse transcriptase inhibitors include

Answer 9

nucleoside/tide analogs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 10

why is simultaneous tx with multiple agents required in HIV

Answer 10

HIV has such a high mutation rate

Question 11

what makes us hope that more HIV infections will be recognized sooner

Answer 11

that HIV antibody detecting rapid tests are in use

Question 12

what population in the US is currently showing the greatest rates of increase

Answer 12

heterosexuals

Question 13

what reduces emergence of opportunistic infections, threat from AIDS associated CA, and reduced risk of transmission

Answer 13

starting HAART early

Question 14

what does the future of HIV tx?

Answer 14

maturation inhibitors and integrase inhibitors

Question 15

How do you determine tx for HIV pts

Answer 15

watch viral loads trends. If they dip, adjust meds

Question 16

downsides of the typical infection screening approach

Answer 16

does not ID pts with recent infections who have not yet developed an antibody response

Question 17

best method of HIV prevention

Answer 17

education

Question 18

combination of which 2 drug groups has made a huge difference in clinical condition of HIV pts and sinks the virus to undetectable levels

Answer 18

protease inhibitors

and

nucleotide analogs

Question 19

is donated blood safe from HIV

Answer 19

yes- the 2 techniques it uses do not rely on patient antibodies (which can take a while to develop in an infected person)

Question 20

HIV tx is ___ but ____

Answer 20

HIV tx is difficult but compliance is essential to avoid drug resistance

Question 21

HIV virus load pattern

Answer 21

rise, dip, return

Question 22

fusion penetration inhibitors

Answer 22

interfere with HIV entry into host

Question 23

what test ID’s HIV even if the pt has not yet developed antibodies

Answer 23

Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT)

Question 24

protease inhibitors

Answer 24

stop maturation/ viral assembly

Question 25

what are the AIDS defining conditions

Answer 25

kaposi’s sarcoma

MAC infection

PCP

CMV

candidiasis

cryptosporidiosis

Question 26

how do you decide if a new tx regimen is needed

Answer 26

follow viral load count trends

Question 27

typical HIV dx through screening:

Answer 27

2 step system: (1) EIA screen to reveal anti-HIV antibodies in serum and (2) western blot for confirmation

Question 28

HIV tx

Answer 28

combo antiviral agents (HAART)

Question 29

times of highest risk of HIV transmission

Answer 29

early disease periods when virus load is high but pt may be unaware they have it

Question 30

how many types of HIV

Answer 30

2 distinct types (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and many subtypes

Question 32

NNRTI MOA

Answer 32

bind to reverse transcriptase and inhibit enzyme activity

Question 33

all HIV pts are considered to be

Answer 33

lifelong carriers and continuously infectious

Question 34

HIV ___ is less transmissable, slower progression to AIDS, and resistant to NNRTIs

Answer 34

2

Question 35

what is HAND

Answer 35

HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

** can impact ability to adhere to tx regimen**

Question 36

how do insects transmit HIV

Answer 36

THEY DON’T