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ASC273 > L17: Water Soluble Vitamins (BC) > Flashcards

L17: Water Soluble Vitamins (BC) Flashcards

1
Q

*List the water soluble vitamins

A
  • B complexes
  • Thiamin (B1)
  • Riboflavin (B2)
  • Niacin
  • Cyanocobalamin (B12)
  • B6
  • Biotin
  • Folic acid (folate, folacin)
  • Pantothenic acid
  • Choline
  • Vitamin C
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2
Q

*What is the function of VB1 (Thiamin)?

A
  • CHO metabolism
    -oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (TCA cycle)
    -Pentose phosphate pathway
    Synthesis of branched chain AA
  • Nerve transmission (thiamin triphosphate)
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3
Q

*List some good dietary sources of VB1 (Thiamin)?

A
  • Green leaves
  • cereal grains
  • yeasts
  • microbial synthesis usually enough
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4
Q

*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB1 (Thiamin)?

A
  • anorexia
  • inappetite
  • incoordination
  • muscle weakness (pyruvate accumulates)
  • Bracken fern poisoning (contains thiaminase which destroys thiamin)
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5
Q

*What is the function of VB2 (Riboflavin)?

A
  • Part of flavoproteins involved in H transport
  • FAD (flavin adenine nucleotide)
  • FMN (flavin mononucleotide)
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6
Q

*List some good dietary sources of VB2 (Riboflavin)?

A
  • high in fresh forage and yeast (5-20mg/kg)
  • low in cereals
  • microbes usually synthesise enough
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7
Q

*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB2 (Riboflavin)

A
  • rough hair coat
  • vomiting
  • poor feed utilisation
  • curled toe paralysis (chics)
  • ophthalmia (eye inflamm)
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8
Q

*What is the function of Niacin?

A
  • Required for NAD and NADP+
  • energy metabolism (H transfer)
  • produced by microbes and in body from tryptophan
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9
Q

*List dietary sources of Niacin

A
  • Yeast
  • sunflower meal
  • low in cereals as bound
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10
Q

*Describe the deficiency symptoms of Niacin

A
  • poor growth
  • anorexia
  • dermatitis and pellagra
  • bone and feather abnormalities
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11
Q

*What is the function of VB12 (cyanocobalamin)?

A
  • needed for several enzyme systems
  • isomerases
  • dehydrases
  • methionine
  • DNA and RBC synth
  • proprionate conversion to succinic acid
  • Synthesised by microbes though Cobalt required
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12
Q

*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB12 (cyanocobalamin)

A
  • growth retardation
  • poor feathering
  • often used in performance horses to prevent anaemia and enhance performance
    (no evidence, but helps w/ inappetance)
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13
Q

*What is the function of VB6?

Where is it found?

A
  • needed for:
  • aa metabolism
  • glycogen and lipid metabolism
  • adrenalin and noradrenalin synth
  • widely distributed in plants
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14
Q

*Dscribe the deficiency symptoms of VB6

A
  • def rare
  • poor growth
  • convulsions
  • anaemia
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15
Q

*What is the function of Biotin?

A
  • Coenzyme in carboxylation
  • needed for CHO and nucleic acid metabolism
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16
Q

*What are the deficiency symptoms of biotin?

A
  • PIGS
  • foot lesions
  • alopecia
  • dry scaly skin
  • poor growth rate
  • POULTRY
  • poor growth
  • dermatitis
  • cracked feet
  • poor feathering
  • fatty liver and kidney issues
  • Horses
  • crumbly hoof
17
Q

*What is the function of Folic acid?

A
  • Part of coenzyme that adds/removes single C units into molecules
  • Essential for synthesis of:
  • Histidine
  • Serine
  • Glycine
  • Methionine
  • Purines
  • RNA
  • DNA
18
Q

*List sources of Folic acid

A
  • fresh forage
  • cereals
  • oilseed meals
  • destroyed by UV light, heat, moisture
  • stored in liver
19
Q

*Describe deficiency symptoms of Folic acid

A
  • low growth rate
  • anaemia
  • poor bone development
20
Q

*What is the function of Pantothenic acid?

A
  • Part of CoA
  • FA oxidation
  • acetic acid metabolism
  • cholesterol and steroid synth
  • CHO and protein metabolism
21
Q

*List sources and deficiency symptoms of Pantothenic acid

A
  • Widely distributed
  • rough hair coat/loss
  • slow growth
  • goose stepping
22
Q

*What is the function of VC (ascorbic acid)?

A
  • antioxidant
  • enzyme in ETC reactions
  • collagen and noradrenalin synth
  • synthesised in liver from glucose (not in primates)
23
Q

*Describe deficiency symptoms of VC (ascorbic acid)

A
  • SCURVY (DOG)
  • gingivitis
  • emaciation
  • diarrhoea
  • bone, teeth and cartilage defects
  • reduced infection resistance

ASC273 (30 decks)

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