L17: Water Soluble Vitamins (BC) Flashcards
*List the water soluble vitamins
- B complexes
- Thiamin (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Niacin
- Cyanocobalamin (B12)
- B6
- Biotin
- Folic acid (folate, folacin)
- Pantothenic acid
- Choline
- Vitamin C
*What is the function of VB1 (Thiamin)?
-
CHO metabolism
-oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (TCA cycle)
-Pentose phosphate pathway
Synthesis of branched chain AA - Nerve transmission (thiamin triphosphate)
*List some good dietary sources of VB1 (Thiamin)?
- Green leaves
- cereal grains
- yeasts
- microbial synthesis usually enough
*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB1 (Thiamin)?
- anorexia
- inappetite
- incoordination
- muscle weakness (pyruvate accumulates)
- Bracken fern poisoning (contains thiaminase which destroys thiamin)
*What is the function of VB2 (Riboflavin)?
- Part of flavoproteins involved in H transport
- FAD (flavin adenine nucleotide)
- FMN (flavin mononucleotide)
*List some good dietary sources of VB2 (Riboflavin)?
- high in fresh forage and yeast (5-20mg/kg)
- low in cereals
- microbes usually synthesise enough
*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB2 (Riboflavin)
- rough hair coat
- vomiting
- poor feed utilisation
- curled toe paralysis (chics)
- ophthalmia (eye inflamm)
*What is the function of Niacin?
- Required for NAD and NADP+
- energy metabolism (H transfer)
- produced by microbes and in body from tryptophan
*List dietary sources of Niacin
- Yeast
- sunflower meal
- low in cereals as bound
*Describe the deficiency symptoms of Niacin
- poor growth
- anorexia
- dermatitis and pellagra
- bone and feather abnormalities
*What is the function of VB12 (cyanocobalamin)?
- needed for several enzyme systems
- isomerases
- dehydrases
- methionine
- DNA and RBC synth
- proprionate conversion to succinic acid
- Synthesised by microbes though Cobalt required
*Describe the deficiency symptoms of VB12 (cyanocobalamin)
- growth retardation
- poor feathering
- often used in performance horses to prevent anaemia and enhance performance
(no evidence, but helps w/ inappetance)
*What is the function of VB6?
Where is it found?
- needed for:
- aa metabolism
- glycogen and lipid metabolism
- adrenalin and noradrenalin synth
- widely distributed in plants
*Dscribe the deficiency symptoms of VB6
- def rare
- poor growth
- convulsions
- anaemia
*What is the function of Biotin?
- Coenzyme in carboxylation
- needed for CHO and nucleic acid metabolism
*What are the deficiency symptoms of biotin?
- PIGS
- foot lesions
- alopecia
- dry scaly skin
- poor growth rate
- POULTRY
- poor growth
- dermatitis
- cracked feet
- poor feathering
- fatty liver and kidney issues
- Horses
- crumbly hoof
*What is the function of Folic acid?
- Part of coenzyme that adds/removes single C units into molecules
- Essential for synthesis of:
- Histidine
- Serine
- Glycine
- Methionine
- Purines
- RNA
- DNA
*List sources of Folic acid
- fresh forage
- cereals
- oilseed meals
- destroyed by UV light, heat, moisture
- stored in liver
*Describe deficiency symptoms of Folic acid
- low growth rate
- anaemia
- poor bone development
*What is the function of Pantothenic acid?
- Part of CoA
- FA oxidation
- acetic acid metabolism
- cholesterol and steroid synth
- CHO and protein metabolism
*List sources and deficiency symptoms of Pantothenic acid
- Widely distributed
- rough hair coat/loss
- slow growth
- goose stepping
*What is the function of VC (ascorbic acid)?
- antioxidant
- enzyme in ETC reactions
- collagen and noradrenalin synth
- synthesised in liver from glucose (not in primates)
*Describe deficiency symptoms of VC (ascorbic acid)
- SCURVY (DOG)
- gingivitis
- emaciation
- diarrhoea
- bone, teeth and cartilage defects
- reduced infection resistance
