L14: Trace Minerals II Flashcards
1
Q
*What is the function of Selenium (Se)?
A
- Se acts w/ VE to protect body tissue from oxidation
- is part of glutathione peroxidase enzymes
- help prevent oxidative degradation of lipids
- part of selenoenzymes responsible for conversion of T4 to T3 and for correct sperm development
- Maintenance of immune function
- Variable absorption, low in ruminants
2
Q
*What are the clinical symptoms of a Se deficiency?
A
- Nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease)
- stiffness, abnormal heartbeat
- Repro disorders
- Lowered disease resistance
- susceptibility to mastitis
- Adipose tissue inflamm (yellow fat disease)
3
Q
*What are the subclinical symptoms of an Se deficiency?
A
- lower growth or unthriftness
- Lower lamb survival and weights
- lower wool production
4
Q
What are the Se deficiency levels of:
Sheep?
Cattle?
Horse?
A
- sheep <0.1 um/L serum
- cattle <0.5 um/L serum
- horse same as cattle
5
Q
Se aids VE in:
A
- normal absorption
- retention
- reduces amount req. to maintain lipid integrity
6
Q
VE aids Se in:
A
- staying in its active form
- preventing loss
7
Q
What are some good dietary sources of:
Se?
VE?
A
- Se -most forages adequate
- VE -green forage, hay, cereal grain
8
Q
How can you prevent Se deficiency?
A
- 1-3 monthly injections
- Se in lick blocks
- Se bullets
9
Q
*What is the function of Iron (Fe)?
How can deficiency occur?
A
- essential constituent in molecules and enzymes for )2 transport and use
- def. can occur w/ blood loss = anaemia
- excess stored in liver, though excess can reduce immunity to bacterial infections
10
Q
*What is the function of Zinc (Zn)?
A
- VA metabolism
- gene expression
- FA metabolism
- membrane composition and stability
- appetite reg
- absorbed according to need
- stored in bone, muscle and wool
11
Q
*What are the clinical symptoms of a Zinc deficiency?
A
- loss of appetite and anorexia
- skin thickening
- excessive salivation
- skeletal disorders
- hypogonadism
- reduced spermatogenesis
- reduced lamb survival and increased pregnancy toxaemia
- impaired immune function
12
Q
*What is the function of Cobalt (Co)?
A
- Required for VB12 synthesis in rumen
- Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) acts as a methyl donor for 1st C metabolism
- methane, acetate, methionine synthesis
- formaye, noradrenaline, myelin synthesis
- Adenoslycobalamin (AdoCbl) for proprionate synthesis
13
Q
*What are the symptoms of a Cobalt deficiency?
A
- Failed proprionate metabolism
- reduced appetite and glucose synthesis
- Failure of methylation
- impaired methionine metabolsim
- Abnormal lipid metabolism
- Clinical symptoms:
- anorexia
- anaemia
- fatty liver
- high perinatal mortality
- increased suscept. to disease
- infertility
14
Q
High … depresses Co uptake
A
Mn
15
Q
How can you prevent Co deficiency?
A
- Co fertilisers
- Co supplements
- Co bullets
