L15: Fat Soluble Vitamins (ADEK)

Question 1

*List the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 1

• A
• D
• E
• K

Question 2

*List the water soluble vitamins

Answer 2

• B complexes
• C

Question 3

What are provitamins?

Answer 3

Become vitamins after a chemical change

Question 4

What is a vitamin?

what are they mostly involved in?

How are many destroyed?

Answer 4

• Organic compound required in small amounts
• Involved in biochemichal pathways
• destroyed by oxidation

Question 5

*Describe the general conditions under which vitamin supplementation should be considered

Answer 5

• Animals on antibiotics (B and K)
• on high grain diets or extended drought (A and E)
• Poor quality diets
• Housed animals, or further from equator (D)
• Stress
• Nervous/hyperactive
• reduced appetite
• anaemic

Question 6

Vitamins need to be protected to maintain activity. Why?

Answer 6

• To prevent oxidation
• ie not destroyed before it is used by animal

Question 7

*What is the function of VA?

Answer 7

• Vision
• VA under light causes impulse transmission to ooptic nerve
• Epithelial growth and mucous membrane formation/protection
• Free radical scavenger

Question 8

Since there is no VA in plants, how to animals attain it?

Answer 8

• converted to VA from cartenoid pigments eg. B-carotene in intestinal mucosa
• High amount of these in forages

Question 9

*List good dietary sources of VA

Answer 9

• Grains poor source
• except corn, which is high
• Green leaves
• egg yolk and milk fat
• Decreases w/ cutting and storage of feed (hay)
• Stored in liver

Question 10

*List the symptoms of a VA deficiency

Answer 10

• Tearing
• night blindness (lack of rhodopsin)
• reduced intake of feed
• rough hair coat
• reduced immune response
• infertility

Question 11

*What is the function of VD?

When is a lack of VD an issue?

Answer 11

• Required for Ca metabolism
• Can be synthesised in skin by exposure to UV light
• Only a problem for animals housed indoors
• Metabolic Bone Disease (reptiles)

Question 12

*What is the function of VK?

What does a VK deficiency cause?

Answer 12

• Req. for synthesis of prothrombin
• inactive precursor of thrombin (enzyme converting fibrinogen to fibrin)
• controls bleeding
• Deficiency causes internal haemorrhage
• rodenticides, anticoagulants contain VK antagonists

Question 13

*List sources of VK

Answer 13

• Microbes synthesis enough for requirements
• Green, leafy materials