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Nas > L17: Pharmacology Of The Autonomic NS > Flashcards

L17: Pharmacology Of The Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released in parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurones

A

Ach

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2
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released in parasympathetic post ganglion

A

Ach

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3
Q

What receptor does ach from the parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurone act on

A

Nicotinic receptor

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4
Q

What receptor does ach from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurone act on

A

Muscarinic receptor

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurone

A

Ach

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from the sympathetic post ganglionic neurone

A

Noradrenaline or adrenaline

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7
Q

What receptor does ach from the sympathetic pre ganglionic neurone act on

A

Nicotinic receptor

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8
Q

What receptor does NA/A from the post ganglionic neurone act on

A 
NA= alpha adrenoceptors 
Adrenaline= beta adrenoceptors
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9
Q

Which system can the adrenal medulla become involved in

A

Sympathetic NS

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10
Q

How can the adrenal medulla become part of the sympathetic ns

A

It can become innervated by sympathetic pre ganglionic neurones to release adrenaline/noradrenaline to effectors

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11
Q

What type of a receptor is nicotinic receptors

A

Ligand gated ion channels

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12
Q

How many sub units does a nicotinic receptor have

A

5

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13
Q

What type of a receptor is muscarinic receptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors

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14
Q

How many subtypes does muscarinic receptors have

A

5 therefore ranges from M1-M5

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15
Q

How many transmembrane segments does a muscarinic receptor have

A

7

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16
Q

What receptor does hexamethonium act on

A

Neuronal sub type of nicotinic receptor

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17
Q

What is hexamethonium

A

A selective non competitive antagonist

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18
Q

What does non competitive mean in terms of hexamethoniums action

A

Is does not bind to the same site as ach on the nicotinic receptor

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19
Q

What does hexamethonium result in

A

Blockage of all sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation

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20
Q

Name a muscarinic aganoist

A

Muscarine

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21
Q

What is the action of muscarine

A

Mimics the actions of the parasympathetic

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22
Q

What is the action of muscarine on cardiac muscle

A

Decreased heart rate

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23
Q

What is the action of muscarine in smooth muscle

A

Vasodilation

24
Q

What is the action of muscarine in exocrine glands

A

Increase secretions

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of using muscarine

A

Muscarine poisoning

26
Q

What are the effects of muscarine poisoning

A 
Bradycardia 
Vasodilation and fall in BP
Increased gut motility 
Bronchoconstriction 
Salivation
27
Q

What is the treatment for muscarine poisoning

A

Atropine

28
Q

What is atropine

A

A muscarinic competitive antagonist

29
Q

What is pilocarpine

A

A muscarinic agonist

30
Q

What receptor does pilocarpine act on

A

M3 on ciliary muscle

31
Q

Where are M1 receptors located

A

Stomach

Salivary glands

32
Q

Where are m2 receptors located

A

Cardiac muscle

33
Q

Where are m3 receptors located

A

Smooth muscle

34
Q

What is the clinical use of muscarinic antagonist

A 
Asthma 
Bradycardia 
Decrease secretion 
Dilate pupils 
Motion sickness
35
Q

What are the main 5 subtypes of adrenoceptors

A 
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
Beta 3
36
Q

Where are beta 2 adrenoceptors located

A

In the lungs

37
Q

Where are beta 1 adrenoceptors located

A

In the heart

38
Q

Where are beta 3 adrenoceptor located

A

Bladder

39
Q

Name an agonist that acts on alpha 1 adrenoceptors

A

Pehylephrine

40
Q

Name an agonist that acts on alpha 2 adrenoceptors

A

Brimonidine

41
Q

What is happens inside the cell when noradrenaline binds to alpha 1 adrenoceptors

A

1) Binding of NA activates alpha 1 adrenoceptors which is a GCPRs
2) Gq protein dissociates and activates phospholipase c
3) phospholipase C produces IP3 and DAG
4) IP3 acts on IP3 receptors on endoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
5) calcium causes smooth muscle contraction

42
Q

What is the G-protein of alpha 2 adrenoceptor sea

A

Gi

43
Q

What is the G protein of all beta adrenoceptors

A

Gs

44
Q

What is the G protein of M1 and M3 receptor

A

Gq

45
Q

What is the G protein of M2 receptor

A

Gi

46
Q

What does gi proteins lead to

A

Decrease in adenyl cyclase enzyme

Inhibition of CAMP messenger

47
Q

What does gq protein lead to

A

Increase in adenyl cyclase enzyme

Stimulation in CAMP messenger

48
Q

Which alpha adrenoceptor antagonist is used to treat hypertension

A

Doxazosin

49
Q

Which alpha adrenoceptor antagonist is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin

50
Q

Which beta adrenoceptor agonist is used to treat cardiogenic shock

A

Adrenaline

51
Q

Which beta agonist is used to treat anaphylactic shock

A

Adrenaline

52
Q

Which beta agonist is used to treat asthma

A

Salbutamol

53
Q

How is noradrenaline recycled

A

Noradrenaline is taken back into the cell by noradrenaline transporter
Noradrenaline is Brocken down by monoamine oxidase

54
Q

Which drugs can prevent the uptake of noradrenaline

A

Cocaine

Tricyclics antidepressants

55
Q

What is the role of the enzyme monoamine oxidase

A

Break down noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin

56
Q

Which drugs can bind to monoamine oxidase irreversibly

A

Phenelzine
Traylcypromine
Maclobemide

Nas (23 decks)

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