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Nas > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the spinal cord does the sympathetic nervous system arise from

A

Thoracolumbar segment

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2
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system arise from on the spinal cord

A

Cranio scarial segment

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3
Q

What does the SNS do at the liver

A

Increase conversion of glycogen to glucose

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4
Q

What does the SNS do at the kidney

A

Decreased urine secretion

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5
Q

What does the PNS do at the kidney

A

Increased urine secretion

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6
Q

What does the SNS do to the adrenal medulla

A

Increase adrenaline and noradrenaline (catecholamines) secretion

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7
Q

Does the PNS have an effect on the adrenal medulla

A

No because adrenal medulla releases adrenaline or noradrenaline so it is classed into the SNS

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8
Q

What effect does the SNS have on the lung

A

Bronchial is relaxed

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9
Q

What does the parasympathetic NS secrete as neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

What does the SNS neurone release as neurotransmitters

A

Ach and catecholamines

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11
Q

What is the length of the pre-ganglionic neurone of the SNS and PNS

A 
PNS= longer
SNS= shorter
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12
Q

What receptors does acetycholine of both SNS and PNS work on the pre-ganglionic neurone

A

Nicotinic receptors

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13
Q

What receptor does the acetycholine act on the effector in the PNS

A

Muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

What type of receptors are muscarinic receptors

A

GCPRs

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15
Q

What type of receptors does catecholamines act on the effector organ in the SNS

A

Alpha or beta adrenoceptors

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16
Q

What receptor does adrenaline act on

A

Beta adrenoceptor

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17
Q

What type of receptor does noradrenaline act on

A

Alpha adrenoceptor

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18
Q

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex and what type of hormone do they release

A

Zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoid
Zona fasiculata: glucocorticoid
Zona reticularis: adrenal androgens

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19
Q

How is acetylcholine released

A
  • AP occurs at the pre-ganglionic neurone
  • voltage- gated calcium channels open
  • exocytosis occurs
  • acetycholine binds to nachrs
  • acetycholine is brocken down by acetycholinesterase
  • choline is transported back into the pre-synaptic neurone
  • choline is converted to acetycholine and stored back into vesicles
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20
Q

How many units does nicotinic receptors have

A

5 subunits

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21
Q

What type of receptor is nicotinic achrs

A

Ligand- gated ion channels

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22
Q

What are the subunit types of the alpha receptor

A
  • alpha
  • gamma
  • beta
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23
Q

How are nicotinic receptors different with their location

A

According to the location nicotinic receptors vary in their alpha subunit

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24
Q

Name a drug that will target the nicotinic receptors in the ganglia but not the nicotinic receptors at the NMJ

A

Hexamethonium

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25
Q

What type of antagonist is hexamethonium

A

Non-competitive

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26
Q

What autonomic division does hexamethonium block

A

All of the autonomic system

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27
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found

A

On effectors (smooth, cardiac, secretory glands) of the PNS

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28
Q

How many transmembrane segments does muscarinic receptors have

A

7

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29
Q

How many subtypes does muscarinic receptors have

A

5

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30
Q

What type of receptor is muscarinic receptors

A

GCPRs

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31
Q

Name a muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

Atropine

32
Q

What type of antagonist is atropine

A

Competitive

33
Q

Name an agonist of muscarinic receptors

A

Ach and muscarine (from mushrooms)

34
Q

What are parasympathomimetics

A

Drugs that mimic the effects of PNS activation

35
Q

What are the effects of parasympathomimetics

A
  • cardiovascular: decreased heart rate
  • smooth muscle: contracts
  • exocrine glands: increase in sweating, salivation and bronchial secretion
36
Q

Why is bronchial secretion bad for the body

A

It narrows the airways and leads to respiratory failure

37
Q

What is the treatment of muscarine poisoning

A

Atropine (antagonist)

38
Q

What are the clinical agonist of muscarinic receptors

A

Pilocarpine

39
Q

What is pilocarpine used to treat

A

Glaucoma

40
Q

What is the route of administration of pilocarpine

A

Topical (eye drop) to the eye

41
Q

What subtype of muscarinic receptor does pilocarpine act on

A

M3 on ciliary muscles of the eye

42
Q

Where is M1 receptor located

A

Stomach and salivary glands

43
Q

Where is M2 receptor located

A

Cardiac muscle

44
Q

Where is M3 receptors located

A

Smooth muscle

45
Q

Is atropine a specific or less specific antagonist

A

Less specific

46
Q

What are the clinical uses of muscarinic antagonist

A 
Asthma
Treat bradycardia 
During operations to decrease secretions 
Dilate pupils 
Urinary incontinence 
Motion sickness
47
Q

How many sub types does adrenoceptors have

A

5 subtypes

48
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of the adrenoceptors

A

Alpha : 1 and 2

Beta : 1, 2,3

49
Q

Where is alpha 1 adrenoceptors located

A

Smooth muscle

Blood vessels

50
Q

Where are alpha 2 adrenoceptors located

A

Nerve terminals

51
Q

Where are beta 1 adrenoceptors located

A

Heart (you have one heart and beta one)

52
Q

Where are beta 2 adrenoceptors located

A

Lungs ( 2 lungs for beta 2)

53
Q

Where are beta 3 adrenoceptors located

A

Fat and bladder

54
Q

What are the clinical uses of alpha adrenoceptors agonist

A
  • alpha 1: vasoconstriction on blood vessel with local anaesthetics
  • alpha 1: nasal decongestant
  • alpha 2: hypertension
  • alpha 2: fascial erythema in rosacea
55
Q

Name an agonist that is used with local anaesthetics for vasoconstriction of blood vessel

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

56
Q

Name an agonist that is used for nasal decongestants

A

Phenylephrine

57
Q

Name an agonist used for fascial erythema in rosacea

A

Brimonidine

58
Q

What type of receptors is alpha 1 adrenoceptor

A

GCPRs

59
Q

Why is the g-protein of alpha 1 adrenoceptors

A

Gq

60
Q

What does Gq protein do when activated by an agonist binding to alpha 1 adrenoceptors

A

Activates phospholipase c
Phospholipase C hydrolysis PIP2 into DAG and IP3
IP3 regulates calcium

61
Q

What is the G protein of alpha 2 adrenoceptors

A

Gi

62
Q

What does Gi protein do

A

Inhibit adenyly cyclase so there is reduced levels of CAMP

63
Q

What G-protein does all of beta adrenoceptors have

A

Gs

64
Q

What does Gs protein do

A

Stimulate adenyl cyclase which increases CAMP

65
Q

What g-protein does muscarinc 1 and 3 receptor have

A

Gq

66
Q

What type of g-protein does muscarinic 2 receptors have

A

Gi

67
Q

What are the uses of alpha antagonist

A
  • hypertension

- benign prostatic hyperplasia

68
Q

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist used to treat hypertension

A

Doxazosin

69
Q

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin

70
Q

What are the uses of beats adrenoceptor agonist

A
  • cardiogenic shock
  • anaphylactic shock
  • asthma
71
Q

Name an agonist used for cardiogenic shock

A

Adrenaline, dolbutamine

72
Q

Agonist used for anaphylactic shock

A

Adrenaline

73
Q

Agonist used to treat asthma

A

Solbutamol

74
Q

What are the main uses of beta adrenoceptor antagonist

A
  • angina
  • cardiac arrhythmia
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
75
Q

How is noradrenaline synthesis, release and recycling inhibited

A
  • inhibiting uptake 1 by noradrenaline transporter which brings NAd back into the varicosity
  • inhibit monoamine oxidase which breaks down noradrenaline or dopamine
  • indirectly acting sympathetic amines: structurally related to NAd which are substrates of noradrenaline transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter and displace NAd
76
Q

Name a drug that inhibit noradrenaline transporter

A

Cocaine

77
Q

Name an indirectly acting sympathetic amine

A

Amfetamine

Ephedrine

Nas (23 decks)

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