L15: Autonomic Nervous System Function Flashcards
Where are sensory receptors of the autonomic NS found
On the viscera
What are the effectors of the autonomic system
Smooth muscle
Secretory glands
Cardiac muscle
What are the effector of the somatic NS
Skeletal muscle
What are the 3 categories of the autonomic Nervous system
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric
What is the main role of the sympathetic NS
Flight or fight response
What is the main role of the parasympathetic NS
Rest and digest
How does the sympathetic and parasympathetic work together
Dual innervation
Antagonist
What is the 2 neurone chain of the autonomic NS composed of
Pre-ganglionic neurone
Post-ganglionic neurone
Where does somatic motor neurone release its neurotranmitters
At the neuromuscular junction : point at which the motor neurone and skeletal muscle meet
Where does autonomic efferent neurone release neurotranmitters
At the end of the axon swellings for broadcasting
What is the main neurotranmitter of the somatic NS
Acetylcholine
What is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic ns
Pre ganglion: acetycholine
Post ganglion: acetycholine
What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic NS
Pre ganglion: ach
Post ganglion: noradrenaline or adrenaline
What receptors does ach from the parasympathetic pre ganglion act on
Nicotinic receptor
What receptor does ach from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurone act on
Muscarinic receptor
What receptor does ach from the sympathetic pre ganglionic neurone act on
Nicotinic receptor
What receptor does noradrenaline from the sympathetic post ganglion act on
Alpha adrenoceptors
What receptor does adrenaline from the sympathetic post ganglionic neurone act on
Beta adrenoceptors
What are sweat glands only innervated by
Sympathetic nervous system
If the sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic ns are the neurotransmitters ach and then NA/A
No
What are the neurotransmitter release of the sweat glands
Ach for both pre and post ganglionic neurones
Why are sweat glands not classified as parasympathetic
Because the embryonic origin is from the sympathetic source
What type of a gland is the adrenal gland
Neuroendocrine gland
What are the 2 main layers of the adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
What does the adrenal medulla produce
Adrenaline and nor adrenaline
What can the adrenal medulla be classed as then
Post ganglions
Give 2 examples where the SNS/PNS have dual innervation but are antagonistic
Heart
GI tract
What is the activity of the SNS and PNS at the heart
SNS: increase heart rate
PNS: decrease heart rate
What is the activity of the SNS/PNS at the GI tract
SNS: decrease motility
PNS: increase motility
If the SNS and PNS have dual innervation and are antagonist what determines the overall action of the effector
The balance of the the NS determines if SNS or PNS is in charge
Give an example where the SNS/PNS have dual innervation and are antagonist but act on different muscles
Pupil
Which muscle does the SNS act on in the pupil
Radial muscle
What muscle does the pns act on in the pupil
Circular muscle
Give an synonym to remember the muscle of the pupil
Respectful Soybeans Control Pills
What does the innervation of the SNS to the pupil do
Dilate the pupil
What does the innervation of the PNS to the pupil do
Constrict the pupil
Give an example where there is dual innervation but doesn’t work antagonisticly
Exocrine glands e.g salivary glands
Give an example where you only get single innervation
Most but not all Blood vessels
What is most of the blood vessels innervation by
SNS
What does increased activity of SNS in most of the blood vessels lead to
Vasoconstriction
What does decreased activity of SNS in most blood vessels lead to
Vasodilation
Which blood vessels in the body have dual innervation
Blood vessels in the head and neck
What does SNS in the head and neck blood vessels cause
Vasoconstriction
What does the PNS in the head and neck blood vessels cause
Vasodilation
What gland does the head and neck blood vessel act on
Salivary gland
What does the SNS lead to in the salivary gland
Thick and sticky saliva
What does the PNS in the head and neck blood vessels lead to in the salivary gland
Large Volume and watery saliva
Reminder: give an example where there is dual innervation but not is not antagonist
Salivary glands
How does the SNS and PNS work in male sex organs
Pns=Point
SNS=shoot
Can the somatic and autonomic system work together
Yes
Give 2 examples where the somatic and autonomic ns work together
1) focusing the eye on a near object
2) respond to cold
How is the somatic ns involved in focusing the eye on a far object
Eye movements
How is the autonomic ns involved in focusing the eye on far objects
Pupil adjustment
How is the somatic ns involved in responding to cold
Shivering i/e moving skeletal muscle
How is the autonomic ns involved in responding to the cold
Vasoconstriction in the skin
