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Nas > L09: Local Anaesthetics > Flashcards

L09: Local Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of local anaesthetics

A

Local anaesthesia reversible block nerve conduction when applied to an area for a procedure to be carried out without the loss of consciousness

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2
Q

Which sensory receptor detects pain

A

Nociceptors

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3
Q

What is the role of local anaesthetics to reduce pain

A

Interfere with voltage-gated sodium channels to stop action potential from occurring and pain

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4
Q

What is the end name for local anaesthetics

A

-Caine

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5
Q

What is the common chemical structure of all local anaesthetics

A

Aromatic ring
Amide group
Linkage group

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6
Q

What bond does the linkage group involve

A

Amide or ester bonds

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7
Q

Does an amide or ester bond get metabolised quick

A

Ester

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8
Q

Name 4 local anaesthetics

A

Procaine
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Bupivacaine

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9
Q

What is the linkage group of procaine

A

Ester

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10
Q

What is the linkage group of lidocaine

A

Amide

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11
Q

What is the linkage group of prilocaine

A

Amide

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12
Q

What is the linkage group of bupivacaine

A

Amide

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13
Q

Which named local anaesthetics has the shortest duration

A

Procaine

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14
Q

Which named local anaesthetics has a medium duration

A

Lidocaine

Prilocaine

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15
Q

Which local anaesthetics has the longest duration

A

Bupivacaine

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16
Q

What is the property of the aromatic ring

A

Lipid soluble

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17
Q

What does a lipid soluble aromatic ring mean

A

The drug can pass through the membrane

18
Q

What is an amine group

A

NH2

19
Q

What can happen to the amine group which makes the drug non-lipid soluble

A

Add H+

20
Q

What determines the status of the amine group

A

Acidity

21
Q

What happens during pain at nociceptors in normal circumstances without general anaesthetics

A

At a pain stimulus Sodium voltage gated ion channels open
Sodium influx occurs
Depolarisation occurs

22
Q

What happens during pain with local anaesthetics

A

1) The unionised form of local anaesthetics diffuses through the lipid membrane
2) the pH inside the cell sets up an equilbrium to get an ionised form of local anaesthetics
3) charged local anaesthetics blocks the sodium voltage gated channels so depolarisation cannot occur

23
Q

What is the block of sodium voltage gated ion channel by local anaesthetics called

A

Use-dependent block

24
Q

Which factors affect the action of local anaesthetics

A

Infection/ acidic conditions

25
Q

How does increasing acidity affect local anaesthetics

A

Increase in local anaesthetic causes an ionised form of local anaesthetic so it cannot get into the cell
This gives poor anaesthesia

26
Q

What is the best way of getting a greater area anaesthetised

A

Closer to the spinal cord

27
Q

What are the 5 ways of administrating local anaesthetics

A 
Topical anaesthesia
Infiltration anaesthesia
Nerve block anaesthesia
Epidural anaesthesia
Spinal anaesthesia
28
Q

What is topical anaesthesia

A

You rub the drug on a thin membrane

29
Q

What is infiltration anaesthesia

A

Injection onto wound

30
Q

What is nerve block anaesthesia

A

The anaesthesia covers a lot of axons

31
Q

What is epidural anaesthesia

A

Anaesthesia into the epidural space

32
Q

What is spinal anaesthesia

A

Anaesthesia at the spinal cord

33
Q

What are the common side effects of local anaesthetics

A

Allergic reaction due to preservatives within the drug

Respiratory failure if injected into the wrong place such as vessels

34
Q

Which drugs are administered with local anaesthetics

A

Vasoconstrictors

35
Q

Name a vasoconstrictor

A

Adrenaline

36
Q

What is the purpose of giving adrenaline with local anaesthetics

A

Stops vasodilation and keeps the drug where we have put it and makes it last longer

37
Q

What are the 4 properties of a good anaesthetics

A

Reversible
Block nerve conduction in nociceptive neurones
Long lasting
Low toxicity

38
Q

Which sensory neurones have the highest sensitivity to local anaesthetics

A

Alpha delta

C

39
Q

Which neurones have low sensitivity to local anaesthetic

A

Somatic motor neurones

40
Q

Is alpha delta neurone myelinated or unmyelinated

A

Myelinated

Nas (23 decks)

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