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Nas > L05: Synapses And The Role Of Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

L05: Synapses And The Role Of Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

How do 2 neurones communication

A

Via synapses

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2
Q

What are the types of synapses

A

Electrical

Chemical

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3
Q

What is an electrical synapse also known as

A

Gap junctions

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4
Q

What is direction of action potential in electrical synapses

A

Bidirectional

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5
Q

What are the physical features of an electrical synapse

A

Physical connection by connexons

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6
Q

What is 1 connexon made of

A

6 connexins

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7
Q

What is the direction of transfer in chemical synapses

A

One direction

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8
Q

What are the physical features in a chemical synapse

A

Vesicles are released to the post synaptic neurone

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9
Q

Describe the processes that occur at a chemical synapse

A

1) AP arrives at the pre-synaptic terminal
2) depolarisation causes voltage gated calcium channels to open
3) calcium ions trigger exocytosis of neurotransmitters
4) neurotransmitters move by simple diffusion
5) neurotransmitters bids to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane

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10
Q

What happens at the post-synaptic membrane to terminate the signal

A

Neurotransmitter is taken up back into the pre-synaptic terminal and metabolised buy mitochondria
OR
Enzymes at the post-synaptic membrane breakdown the neurotransmitter

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11
Q

What are the major amino acid neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate

GABA

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12
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA

A

Inhibitory

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13
Q

What are the monoamines neurotransmitters

A

Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin

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14
Q

What are the other neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

Opioids

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15
Q

What are the 2 main mechanisms at the receptors of the post-synapse

A

Ionotrophic mechanism

Metabotrophic mechanism

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16
Q

What is the ionotrophic mechanism

A

1) Neurotransmitters binds to give a conformational change to the receptor
2) Channels open
3) Sodium influx occurs to give depolarisation

17
Q

Which channel opens when GABA binds to its receptor

A

Chloride channel

18
Q

What activity does GABA cause inside the cell

A

Hyper polarisation

19
Q

What is the metabotrophic mechanism

A

1) neurotransmitters binds to receptor and conformational change occurs
2) conformational change triggers G-proteins
3) activated G-proteins open ion channels and stimulate 2nd messengers

20
Q

What spatial summation

A

When more than one neurone integrates information to one post synaptic membrane
Excitation is added together to reach threshold value and generate AP

21
Q

What is temporary summation

A

When one synapse repeatedly fires to one post-synaptic membrane
The inputs build up to reach threshold value and generate AP

Nas (23 decks)

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