L17 ECG

Question 1

ECG is a _____ diagnostic tool that ________ of the heart. It provides information about the ______,_______ and _____. It is essential in the diagnosis of ______ and _____ , such as ______ and _____.

Answer 1

non-invasive
records the electrical activity
heart’s rhythm
conduction system
overall health
chest pain
abnormalities
heart attacks
arrhythmias

Question 2

ECG is a ____ record of the ______. It is a ___ of all _____ generated by ____ and ____ cells at a given time. It normally shows ____ characteristic waveforms.

Answer 2

graphic
heart activity
composite
action potential
nodal
contractile
3

Question 3

The journey of the electrical signals begins in the _____ located in the ____ atrium.

Answer 3

SA node
right

Question 4

As the electrical signal from the SA node reaches the ______, it is briefly ____ to allow the ____ to complete their contraction before the _____ begin the contract. This ensures that the _____ receive blood from the ____ before they pump it out to the body.

Answer 4

AV node
delayed
atria
ventricles
ventricles
atria

Question 5

The electrical signals then travels down the _____, and divides into ____ major branches which are _____ and _____ bundle branches. These branches extend along the inside walls of the ______, distributing electrical signals to the ______.

Answer 5

His bundle
2
right
left
ventricles
Purkinje fibers

Question 6

Purkinje fibers ensures that all parts of the _____ contract in a ______ manner, generating a _____ pumping action.

Answer 6

ventricles
coordinated
powerful

Question 7

After each contraction, a brief _______ prevents the heart muscle from ______ again immediately. It ensures that the heart has ____ to fill with blood before the next ______, preventing ____ contractions and maintaining a _____ heartbeat.

Answer 7

refractory period
contracting
time
contraction
chaotic
regular

Question 8

P wave represents the ________ of the _____, and the beginning of ___________. It helps assess ________ and can detect abnormalities such as_______. Normal duration is less than _____ secs. It should be upright in leads ___,____ and _____. Duration over 0.12 secs suggests _________ defect.

Answer 8

depolarization
atria
atrial systole
atrial function
atrial fibrillation
0.11
II,III, AVF
intra-atrial conduction

Question 9

PR interval measures the _____ taken for _______ to travel from _____ to the ______. It indicates ____ conduction time. This interval is _____ to _____ seconds. Prolonged PR interval indicates ________. This interval ____ with increased heart rate.

Answer 9

time
electrical signals
SA node
ventricles
AV
0.12, 0.20
AV conduction block
shortens

Question 10

QRS complex represents _______ of _____, and the beginning of _______. It is the _____ wave on the ECG. This interval is ___ to ____ secs. Large R waves indicates _________.Abnormalities may suggest ________ or _______.

Answer 10

depolarization
ventricles
ventricular systole
largest
0.06,0.12
ventricular hypertrophy
myocardial infarction
arrhythmias

Question 11

ST segment represents _____ of ______. Normally the ST segment is_____. It helps assess ______ can detect changes of ______ or _____.

Answer 11

early repolarization
ventricles
flat
myocardial ischemia
myocardial infarction
angina

Question 12

T wave represents ______ of ______, and the end of _______. Normally upright in leads ___,_____ and _____. Tall and peaked T waves represents ________ _______ levels.

Answer 12

complete repolarization
ventricles
ventricular systole
I,II, V3-V6
increased potassium

Question 13

Q wave represents _____ of the ______ before contraction. It is the first _____ deflection prior to ____ wave.

Answer 13

depolarization
intraventricular
negative
R

Question 14

R wave represents ______ of the bulk of _____ before _______ contraction. It is the first _____ deflection. Tall R waves indicates _______.

Answer 14

depolarization
ventricular muscle
ventricular
positive
ventricular hypertrophy

Question 15

S wave represents the ______ of the last bit of ______.
It is the _____ deflection following R wave.

Answer 15

late depolarization
ventricular muscle
negative

Question 16

QT interval represents the ____ of _____ including both _____ and _______. It is normally ____ to ____ secs. Long QT syndrome can be by a ___ in the ____ channel gene ______.

Answer 16

time
ventricular activity
depolarization
repolarization
0.36,0.44
mutaion
Na+
SCN5A

Question 17

What is heart rate? What is the normal resting heart rate for adult ranges?

Answer 17

The number of heartbeats per minute.
Normal is from 60-100 beats per minute.

Question 18

Heart rate above 100 beats per minute is _______.
Heart rate below 60 beats per minute is _____.

Answer 18

tachycardia
bradycardia

Question 19

Right arm is always _____
Left arm is both ____ and ____
Left leg is always _____.

Answer 19

negative
positive, negative
positive

Question 20

Lead I records the potential difference between ____ and ______ ______.

Answer 20

right
left
arms

Question 21

Lead II records the potential difference between _____ and _____.

Answer 21

right arm
left leg

Question 22

Lead III records the potential difference between _____ and ____.

Answer 22

Left arm
Left leg

Question 23

Right arm is always connected to the ____ terminal of the ECG machine. It is considered to be electrically _____, meaning it has _______ electrical charge.

Answer 23

negative
neutral
no net

Question 24

Left leg is always connected to ____ terminal of the ECG machine. It is considered to be the ________ for the ECG.

Answer 24

positive
electrical reference point

Question 25

Left arm is connected to either _____ or ____ terminal.

Answer 25

negative
positive

Question 26

Each lead measures the _____ created by the heart during the _____ and _____ of myocytes.

Answer 26

electric field
depolarization
repolarization

Question 27

What are the uses of augmented leads?

Answer 27

-detecting abnormal heart rhythms
-localizing myocardial ischemia
-assessing heart’s electrical axis