L17 ECG Flashcards
ECG is a _____ diagnostic tool that ________ of the heart. It provides information about the ______,_______ and _____. It is essential in the diagnosis of ______ and _____ , such as ______ and _____.
non-invasive
records the electrical activity
heart’s rhythm
conduction system
overall health
chest pain
abnormalities
heart attacks
arrhythmias
ECG is a ____ record of the ______. It is a ___ of all _____ generated by ____ and ____ cells at a given time. It normally shows ____ characteristic waveforms.
graphic
heart activity
composite
action potential
nodal
contractile
3
The journey of the electrical signals begins in the _____ located in the ____ atrium.
SA node
right
As the electrical signal from the SA node reaches the ______, it is briefly ____ to allow the ____ to complete their contraction before the _____ begin the contract. This ensures that the _____ receive blood from the ____ before they pump it out to the body.
AV node
delayed
atria
ventricles
ventricles
atria
The electrical signals then travels down the _____, and divides into ____ major branches which are _____ and _____ bundle branches. These branches extend along the inside walls of the ______, distributing electrical signals to the ______.
His bundle
2
right
left
ventricles
Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers ensures that all parts of the _____ contract in a ______ manner, generating a _____ pumping action.
ventricles
coordinated
powerful
After each contraction, a brief _______ prevents the heart muscle from ______ again immediately. It ensures that the heart has ____ to fill with blood before the next ______, preventing ____ contractions and maintaining a _____ heartbeat.
refractory period
contracting
time
contraction
chaotic
regular
P wave represents the ________ of the _____, and the beginning of ___________. It helps assess ________ and can detect abnormalities such as_______. Normal duration is less than _____ secs. It should be upright in leads ___,____ and _____. Duration over 0.12 secs suggests _________ defect.
depolarization
atria
atrial systole
atrial function
atrial fibrillation
0.11
II,III, AVF
intra-atrial conduction
PR interval measures the _____ taken for _______ to travel from _____ to the ______. It indicates ____ conduction time. This interval is _____ to _____ seconds. Prolonged PR interval indicates ________. This interval ____ with increased heart rate.
time
electrical signals
SA node
ventricles
AV
0.12, 0.20
AV conduction block
shortens
QRS complex represents _______ of _____, and the beginning of _______. It is the _____ wave on the ECG. This interval is ___ to ____ secs. Large R waves indicates _________.Abnormalities may suggest ________ or _______.
depolarization
ventricles
ventricular systole
largest
0.06,0.12
ventricular hypertrophy
myocardial infarction
arrhythmias
ST segment represents _____ of ______. Normally the ST segment is_____. It helps assess ______ can detect changes of ______ or _____.
early repolarization
ventricles
flat
myocardial ischemia
myocardial infarction
angina
T wave represents ______ of ______, and the end of _______. Normally upright in leads ___,_____ and _____. Tall and peaked T waves represents ________ _______ levels.
complete repolarization
ventricles
ventricular systole
I,II, V3-V6
increased potassium
Q wave represents _____ of the ______ before contraction. It is the first _____ deflection prior to ____ wave.
depolarization
intraventricular
negative
R
R wave represents ______ of the bulk of _____ before _______ contraction. It is the first _____ deflection. Tall R waves indicates _______.
depolarization
ventricular muscle
ventricular
positive
ventricular hypertrophy
S wave represents the ______ of the last bit of ______.
It is the _____ deflection following R wave.
late depolarization
ventricular muscle
negative
QT interval represents the ____ of _____ including both _____ and _______. It is normally ____ to ____ secs. Long QT syndrome can be by a ___ in the ____ channel gene ______.
time
ventricular activity
depolarization
repolarization
0.36,0.44
mutaion
Na+
SCN5A
What is heart rate? What is the normal resting heart rate for adult ranges?
The number of heartbeats per minute.
Normal is from 60-100 beats per minute.
Heart rate above 100 beats per minute is _______.
Heart rate below 60 beats per minute is _____.
tachycardia
bradycardia
Right arm is always _____
Left arm is both ____ and ____
Left leg is always _____.
negative
positive, negative
positive
Lead I records the potential difference between ____ and ______ ______.
right
left
arms
Lead II records the potential difference between _____ and _____.
right arm
left leg
Lead III records the potential difference between _____ and ____.
Left arm
Left leg
Right arm is always connected to the ____ terminal of the ECG machine. It is considered to be electrically _____, meaning it has _______ electrical charge.
negative
neutral
no net
Left leg is always connected to ____ terminal of the ECG machine. It is considered to be the ________ for the ECG.
positive
electrical reference point
