L15 Blood Groups Flashcards
Blood groups are where individuals are grouped on the basis of ______/______ of _______ .
prescence,absence
antigens ( agglutinogens )
What are the 2 parts of Landsteiner’s Law?
1) When a blood contains a particular agglutinogen, its corresponding antibody
(agglutinin) is always absent in the plasma/
2) When a particular agglutinogen is absent in the blood, its corresponding agglutinin is present in the plasma. ( only ABO system )
What are the significance of Landsteiner’s Law?
1) If an agglutinin is present against an agglutinogen, antigen-antibody reaction causes agglutination of red cells, leading to hemolysis.
2) Absence of an agglutinogen may be associated with exposure of body to similar antigenic substances presence in bacteria or food.
The major blood groups are _____ and ____.
ABO system
Rhesus (Rh) system
ABO group agglutinogens are _______
ABO group agglutinins are ___-type. develop after 3-6 months of life.
Rh-group agglutinogens are ______.
Rh-group agglutinins are ____-type, not present naturally.
glyco-sphingolipids
IgM
integral proteins
IgG
In Rh groups, 3 agglutinogens are _____ and are first discovered in rhesus ______.
C,D & E
monkeys
What are the 4 blood groups?
Group A- agglutinogen A; agglutinin anti-B
Group B-agglutinogen B; agglutinin anti-A
Group AB- both agglutinogen A; X agglutinins
Group O- X agglutinogen; agglutinins anti-A & anti-B
D-agglutinogen is important for ______.
If D is present, group is called Rh _____.
transfusion
positive
Importance of blood groups are?
Blood transfusion
Medicolegal importance - paternity
Association with diseases
Dangers of blood transfusion are?
-Incompatibility
-Spread of disease
-Hypoxia
Incompatible blood transfusion is a ______ transfusion where _____ in recipient’s serum react with ____ of donor red cells and cause hemolytic reactions.
mismatched
agglutinins
agglutinogens
___________ is a hemolyic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility. Occurs in Rh+ve fetus when mother is Rh-ve
Erythroblastosis fetalis
