L2 Body fluids and Composition

Question 1

What is osmosis?

Answer 1

Diffusion of water from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower concentration along an osmotic gradient across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 2

Water loss happens in the ______,______,______ and ______.

Answer 2

kidneys
skin
lungs
GI tract

Question 3

Body water is composed of ________fluid and ________ fluid.

Answer 3

Extracellular (45%)
Intracellular (55%)

Question 4

ECF surrounds _______ in the body and is divided into _______ fluid and _______.

Answer 4

all cells
interstitial
plasma

Question 5

ICF is the system that includes all _________ by their plasma membranes.

Answer 5

fluids enclosed in cells

Question 6

Interstitial fluid surrounds all cells _______.

Answer 6

not in blood

Question 7

The semi-permeable barriers between fluid compartments ensure _______ of substances, maintaining unique composition of each compartment.

Answer 7

selective movement

Question 8

Importance of semi-permeable nature of cell membranes

Answer 8

-allows cells to exchange nutrients and wastes with the blood
-allow certain molecules or ions to pass through by diffusion.

Question 9

Division of total body water is (42L):

Answer 9

ICF - 28L (2/3 of TBW )
ECF - 14L ( 1/3 of TBW )
Plasma - 4L ( 1/4 ECF )

Question 10

ECF has high concentrations of ____,______ and _____.

Answer 10

sodium
chloride
bicarbonate ions

Question 11

Plasma has large amount of ______ compared to IF as they are _______ through capillary membrane.

Answer 11

proteins
impermeable

Question 12

Major cation in ICF _____ and major anion in ICF ____.

Answer 12

Potassium
Proteins, Phosphates

Question 13

Function of Na+ in ECF

Answer 13

-fluid and electrolyte balance as it accounts for half of the osmolarity of ECF.

Question 14

Function of Cl- in ECF

Answer 14

-help balance levels of anions in different fluids

Question 15

Function of HCO3- in ECF

Answer 15

-Chloride shift helps maintain correct balance of anions in ECF and ICF.

Question 16

Function of K+ in ICF

Answer 16

-establish resting membrane potentials in neurons and muscle fibers
-maintains normal ICF fluid volume
-helps regulate pH of body fluids when exchanged for H+

Question 17

Function of Mg2+ in ICF and ECF

Answer 17

-cofactor for certain enzymes and sodium potassium pump
-essential for synaptic transmission and myocardial function

Question 18

What forces determine fluid exchange movements between ICF and ECF?

Answer 18

Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

Question 19

Hydrostatic pressure is from the ________ and osmotic pressure is exerted by _______.

Answer 19

pumping of the heart
plasma proteins

Question 20

Only _____ pressure differences between ICF and ECF causes movement of fluid into and out of the cells.

Answer 20

osmotic

Question 21

In hypotonic solution, water moves ____ of the cell and cell _____ and undergo _____

Answer 21

into
burst
hemolysis

Question 22

In hypertonic solution, water moves _____ of the cell and cell _____and undergo ______.

Answer 22

out
shrinks
crenation

Question 23

Water intoxification is a state in which ______ body water causes cells to _____.

Answer 23

excessive
swell