L16 Flashcards
what is mobility affected by in gel electrophoresis (3)
size
charge
conformation
what is a stacking gel for
proteins forming their own individual thin bands
best stain to see small proteins
silver (0.1 ng)
urea denaturing gel
uncharged coating of protein
does urea run towards red or black
red (opposite than normal)
where does modification of histones happen
tails
main modifications that add a negative charge to histone (2)
acetylation
phosphorylation
what gel doesn’t denature proteins
native (non denaturing) gel
are native gels slow or fast
much slower
example of a native gel
sickle cell anemia blood testing
what is sickle cell anemia (amino acid change)
replacement of glutamic acid with valine at hemoglobin A
what does an SDS page separate by
size
what makes up a 2-dimensional protein electrophoresis
one allows visualization of size (SDS page)
one allows visualization of charge (Urea)
what are the 2 dimensions of 2D gel
- isoelectric focusing gel
- SDS page
what can a 2D gel be good for
comparing proteins in tissues
or diseased tissues
adaptive immunity
learning to gain to immunity
innate immunity
first line of defence
spit, sweat, snot
mucus membranes
inflammation/fever
what cells make our antibodies
B cells
what line of defence is adaptive immunity
adaptive
what’s an epitope
part of the antigen that actually binds the antibody
whats the main antibody
igG
allergy antibodies
IgE
whats the first antibody made
IgM
they can bind multiple stuff
5 types of antibodies
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
whats different for antibodies
their tails
80% of circulating antibodies rn
igG
can antibodies go through placenta
yes
