L11: Justice And Rationing In NHS

Question 1

What are the founding principles of the NHS

Answer 1

Universal
Equitable 
Comprehensive 
High quality 
Free
Centrally funded

Question 2

What does it mean for the NHS to be universal

Answer 2

For anyone in the U.K.

Question 3

What does equitable mean

Answer 3

It is fair and does not discriminate against others

Question 4

What does centrally funded mean

Answer 4

Everybody will pay in and that fund will be available as a pool for every bodies access

Question 5

What is the just world hypothesis

Answer 5

People at the top of the hierarchy think the world is fair due to better wealth and those at he bottom disagree

Question 6

What are the arguments against the just world hypothesis

Answer 6

Unequal opportunities
Things that you are born with
Poor education
Poor nutrition

Question 7

When does the just world hypothesis not count

Answer 7

When individuals experience disease, no matter how much at the top you are you can still get disease e.g cancer

Question 8

What are the 5 theories of distributive justice

Answer 8

Egalitarian 
Meritocratic 
Socialist 
Libertarian
Fairness

Question 9

What are the theories of distributive justice

Answer 9

Models/theories and how things can be distributed due to resources being limited

Question 10

What is the egalitarian theory about

Answer 10

Everyone gets the same

Everyone is born with a pot of money, when its used up it is used up

Question 11

What is the meritocratic theory about

Answer 11

Everyone gets according to their desserts (what they deserve) e.g
Those who have lived healthy lives should get better than those who have displayed bad behaviour such as smoking

Question 12

What is the socialist theory about

Answer 12

According to need

Question 13

What is the libertarian theory about

Answer 13

It’s up to the patient and how they spend their income to health e.g pay for health insurance or pay for a huge bill

Question 14

What is the fairness model about

Answer 14

Resources should be distributed fairly

Question 15

How does the NHS distribute

Answer 15

Based on clinal need
Best value for taxpayers money
Available to all

Question 16

Why does the NHS have to ration

Answer 16

Resource are scarce

Demands are increasing

Question 17

Why is the demand for NHS increasing

Answer 17

Ageing population with more conditions

Consuming more resources

Medical technology is developing

Question 18

For new treatment to be approved what does it have to show on a cost effectiveness plane

Answer 18

Effective and least costly

Question 19

What is the threshold for NICE to approve a new treatment

Answer 19

Less than £20’000 per QALY

Question 20

What does double jeopardy mean

Answer 20

Those who are already disadvantaged become further disadvantaged

Question 21

What is an utilitarian approach

Answer 21

Maximum good for the maximum people

Question 22

What are orphan drugs

Answer 22

Drugs for rare disease that are not commercially available

Question 23

What are the 9 protected characteristics

Answer 23

Age 
Gender 
Sexual orientation 
Maternity
Gender reassignment 
Disability 
Religion 
Ethnicity 
Marriage status