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Y4R5 - Gynecology I 👩‍🍼 > L1: Physiology of Reproduction > Flashcards

L1: Physiology of Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to Physiology of Reproduction

A
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2
Q

Physiology of Reproduction

  • Feedback Mechanisms
A
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3
Q

Physiology of Reproduction

  • What are Central Hormones?
A
  • GnRH
  • FSH & LH
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4
Q

Chemical Nature of GnRH

A

Decapeptide (10 aa).

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5
Q

Source of GnRH

A
  • Preoptic & arcuate nuclei of hypothalamus
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6
Q

Pattern of Secretion of GnRH

A
  • Secreted in pulsatile fashion (every 60-90 minutes in follicular phase & every 3 hours in luteal phase).
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7
Q

Transport of GnRH

A

To anterior pituitary via hypophyseal portal circulation.

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8
Q

Half-Life of GnRH

A

2-4 min

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9
Q

Action of GnRH

A

Synthesis, storage & release of gonadotropins (FSH & LH).

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10
Q

Chemical Nature of FSH

A
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11
Q

Source of FSH

A

Basophiles of anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Receptors of FSH

A

Present on granulosa cells

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13
Q

Half-Life of FSH

A

3-4 Hours

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14
Q

Actions of FSH

A
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15
Q

Clinical Uses of FSH

A
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16
Q

Chemical Nature of LH

A
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17
Q

Source of LH

A

Basophiles of anterior pituitary

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18
Q

Receptors of LH

A

Present on theca cells at all stages of ovarian cycle & on granulosa cells in mature follicle under effect of FSH & estrogen

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19
Q

Half-Life of LH

A

20 min

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20
Q

Actions of LH

A
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21
Q

Clincial Uses of LH

A
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22
Q

Sources of Estrogen

A
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23
Q

Types of Estrogen

A
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24
Q

Metabolism of Estrogen

A

Metabolized in the liver and the end products are secreted in urine.

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25
Q

Actions of Estrogen

A
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26
Q

Actions of Estrogen

  • Local
A
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27
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Vascularity
A

increases the vascularity causing softening of the whole genital organs.

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28
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Uterus
A
  • causes proliferation and hyperplasia of the endornetriurn and myometriurn and responsible for proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
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29
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Tubes
A
  • hyperplasia, hypertrophy, increases blood supply and motility of the tubes.
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30
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Ovary
A
  • helps in the mechanism of ovulation “by feed back mechanism with pituitary”.
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31
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Cervix
A
  • increased amount decreased viscosity and cellularity (+Ve) Spinnbarkiet and Ferning)
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32
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • Vagina
A
  • proliferation of the epithelial lining, increased vaginal acidity (by activation of the lactobacilli to convert glycogen into lactic acid).
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33
Q

Actions of Estrogen

  • Central
A
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34
Q

Local Actions of Estrogen

  • General
A
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35
Q

Levels & Peaks of Estrogen

A

Estrogen has 2 peaks: first peak just before ovulation and a second peak after C.L formation.

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36
Q

Sources of Progesterone

A
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37
Q

Types of Progesterone

A

Only one type

38
Q

Metabolism of Progesterone

A

Metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine.

39
Q

Actions of Progesterone

40
Q

Actions of Progesterone

  • Local
41
Q

Local Actions of Progesterone

  • Uterus
A
  • Causes secretory endometrium (it must be prepared by estrogen).

“Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy, responsible for maintenance of the decidua during early pregnancy and also uterine relaxation”

42
Q

Local Actions of Progesterone

  • Tubes
A

it decreases motility.

43
Q

Local Actions of Progesterone

  • Cervix
A

decreased amount, so increased cellularity and viscosity [-ve Spinnbarkiet and Fernning].

44
Q

Actions of Progesterone

  • Central
A
  • Inhibition of L.H and stimulate FSH release from the pituitary”.
45
Q

Local Actions of Progesterone

  • General
46
Q

Levels & Peaks of Progesterone

A

Progesterone has 1 peak: mid-luteal peak (after C.L formation).

47
Q

Androgens in Female

  • Source
48
Q

Androgens in Female

  • Effects
49
Q

Ovarian Peptides

50
Q

Inhibin

  • Nature
  • Source
  • Action
  • Effect
51
Q

Activin

  • Nature
  • Source
  • Action
  • Effect
52
Q

Two cell theory for estrogen formation

53
Q

Spinnbarkeit phenomenon

54
Q

Def of Ovarian Cycle

55
Q

Def of Follicular Phase

56
Q

Duration of Follicular Phase

57
Q

Steps of Follicular Phase

58
Q

Def of Luteal Phase

59
Q

Duration of Luteal Phase

60
Q

Steps of Luteal Phase

61
Q

Def of Ovulation

62
Q

Causes of Ovulation

63
Q

Stages of follicular growth

A
  • Primordial follicles: Each follicle is 1ry oocyte arrested in prophase of 1st meiotic division & is surrounded by single layer of granulosa cells.
  • Preantral follicles.
  • Antral follicles.
  • Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)
64
Q

Diameter of Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)

65
Q

Structure of Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)

66
Q

Function of Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)

A
  • Production of estrogen.
67
Q

Fate of Preovulatory follicle (mature Graffian follicle)

68
Q

Stages (Types) of Corpus Luteum

69
Q

Stages (Types) of Corpus Luteum

  • CL Proliference
A
  • increased vascularization and functions of C.L after its formation with its maximum activity after 5 days and continue for 3-4 days.
70
Q

Stages (Types) of Corpus Luteum

  • CL Hemorrhagicum
A

Vascular Body

71
Q

Stages (Types) of Corpus Luteum

  • CL of Pregnancy
A
  • if fertilization occurs the new embryo releases HCG that prevents degeneration of C.L and continues for 3 months until formation of the placenta.
72
Q

Stages (Types) of Corpus Luteum

  • CL Albicans
A
  • if NO fertilization; there is degeneration of C.L and turns to fibrous tissues
73
Q

End of the Cycle

74
Q

End of the Cycle

  • If No Pregnancy
75
Q

End of the Cycle

  • If There is pregnancy
76
Q

Def of Menstrual Cycle

A

It is the cyclic changes occurring in the endometrium resulting in menstruation every month.

77
Q

Def of Menstruation

A

It is periodic monthly shedding of the endometrium accompanied by blood loss.

78
Q

Mechansism of Menstrual Cycle

79
Q

Contents of the menstrual flow

80
Q

Criteria of normal menstruation (eumenorrhea)

  • Amount
  • Duration
  • Normal Color
  • Odor
  • Control of Blood Loss
81
Q

Phases of Menstrual Cycle

82
Q

Phases of Menstrual Cycle

  • Menstruation Phase
83
Q

Duration of Menstruation Phase

84
Q

Causes of Menstruation Phase

85
Q

Events in Menstruation Phase

86
Q

Duration of Resting Phase

87
Q

Events in Resting Phase

88
Q

Events of Proliferative Phase

89
Q

Causes of Proliferative Phase

90
Q

Duration of Secretory Phase

91
Q

Events of Secretory Phase

Y4R5 - Gynecology I 👩‍🍼 (18 decks)

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