L02: History of Ideas in Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Structuralism

A

Consciousness can be analyzed into a state of basic constituting elements.

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2
Q

Introspection

A

The examination of one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings.

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

The emphasis in psych should be on the purpose and utility of behaviour.

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4
Q

Gesalt Psychology

A

Looks at the human mind and behaviour as a whole.

“The whole is more than the sum of its parts.”

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5
Q

Behaviourism

A

All behaviours are acquired through conditioning.

Shifted the focus towards biology and studied non-human behaviours

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6
Q

Cognitive Revolution

A

The cognitive model replaced behaviouralism as the most influential model of the human mind.

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7
Q

Psychophysiological Model of the Mind

A

Explains human behaviour by recourse to its biological basis

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8
Q

Psychodynamic Model of the Mind

A

Human behaviour arises from inherited biological drives and the attempt to reduce states of tension and conflict

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9
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Set of theories and techniques that deal with the unconscious mind.

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10
Q

Id

A

Follows the pleasure principle: Avoid pain and increase pleasure

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11
Q

Ego

A

Reason and self control

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12
Q

Superego

A

Morality and ideals

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13
Q

Behaviourist Model of the Mind

A

Aims to determine what factors in the environment control behaviour

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14
Q

Cognitive Model of the Mind

A

Assumes cognitions are the principle subject of psych

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15
Q

Humanistic Model of the Mind

A

Tries to understand human behaviour by detecting patterns in life histories. Human beings are naturally good and equipped with free will.

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16
Q

William James

A

Inspired functionalism. Father of psych. U.S.

17
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Created the idea of structuralism. Father of psych Europe

18
Q

John Watson

A

Inspired behaviourism & criticized introspection as inaccessible to the investigator

19
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Focused his work on the unconscious as the main motor of behaviour. Followed the psychodynamic model & developed psychoanalysis

20
Q

René Descartes

A

Founded the idea of dualism

21
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Optical illusion of movement. Instead of two different and separate stimuli, we mistakenly perceive movement of the same stimulus.

22
Q

Emergence

A

Spontaneous organization of elements that give rise to a form that isn’t really there

23
Q

Multistability

A

Figure/background selection

24
Q

Reification

A

Illusionary contours (tendency to consider an object in its entirety before it perceives the object as the sum of individual parts)

25
Invariance
Recognition of objects in different orientations
26
Law of Closure
Humans have the tendency to perceive object outlines as closed.
27
Law of Similarily
Objects that are similar are grouped together and perceived as a whole.
28
Law of Proximity
Objects that are close to each other belong together
29
Law of Continuity
We perceive two separate objects as continuous and part of one
30
The McGurk Effect
What you see can affect what you are hearing
31
Pavlov's Experiment
Dogs salivating when there's no food due to being condition by the sound of a tuning fork
32
Parallelism
There is no causal interaction between mind and body