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ACSM CPT > Knee, Foot, and Ankle > Flashcards

Knee, Foot, and Ankle Flashcards

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1
Q

The largest jt in body is the

A

knee jt

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2
Q

bones of knee

A

distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella

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3
Q

What bone of knee is major weight-bearing bone of leg?

A

tibia

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4
Q

purp of patella

A

Patella protects the ant knee and creates an improved angle of pull for the quads that results in a mech adv during knee ext

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5
Q

what are the 2 major ligaments in knee?c

A

cruciate and collateral

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6
Q

what ligaments of knee cross w/in the jt cavity between the femur and tibia and are vital in maintianing ant-post and rotational stability of knee

A

crucuiate ligaments

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7
Q

What ligaments connect the femur w/ leg bones, and aid in stability and counteract valgus and varus forces

A

collateral ligaments

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8
Q

MCL attaches where, but LCL doesnt

A

MCL to medial mensicus, but LCL doesnt attach to lateral mensicus

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9
Q

the knee has what 2 jts?

A

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral jts

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10
Q

Although a vital attachment site for knee structures, THIS JT is not considered compartment part of knee?

A

prox tibiofibular jt

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11
Q

What jt of knee is the primary jt of knee and is primarily a hinge jt allows flexion and extension of knee?

A

tibiofemoral jt

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12
Q

tibiofemoral jt is also considered a

A

bycondylar jt cuz of its rotational components about the vertical axis

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13
Q

tibiofemoral jt is formed by what?

A

TF jt formed by the articulation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles w/ medial and lateral tibial plateaus

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14
Q

Menisci improve what

A

congrugency of jt surfaces allowing better distrubtion of jt pressurem add stability, aid in shock absportion, provide jt lubrication, aid in loading bearing, add ant-post stab, and protect articular cartilage

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15
Q

medial menisici vs lateral mensici

A

medial mensici are larger, thinner, and more “C” shaped than the lateral mensici

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16
Q

What typically extends more distally than the lateral condyle gives kneee a slight valgus arranegment

A

medial femoral condyle

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17
Q

What jt is an arthrodial jt formed by the post asoect of patella and PF groove betweeen condyles of femur

A

patellofemoral jt

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18
Q

How is Q angle formed

A

Q angle is formed from the line connecting ASIS to center of patella and the line connecting the center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

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19
Q

Q angle determines what?

A

line of pull of patella at the PF jt

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20
Q

Normal Q angle for females is

A

18

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21
Q

normal Q angle for males is

A

13

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22
Q

A Q angle below normal is

A

genu varum, varus, aka bow legged

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23
Q

Q angle greater than normal is

A

genu valgum, valgus, aka knock-kneed

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24
Q

Tibiofem jt movement

A

flexion, ext in sag plane

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25
Q

full extension of knee is how many degrees

A

0

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26
Q

full flexion of knee is how many degrees

A

140 deg

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27
Q

When knee is bent/flex the Tibfemoral jt is capable of what?

A

internal and ext rot

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28
Q

What is the screwing home mechanism?

A

During final few degrees of ext knee, the tibia externally rotate on femur bringing knee into closed pack or locked position

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29
Q

quadriceps muscle action at knee

A

extend knee (Q = Hf + Ke)

30
Q

Anterior muscles of knee

A

quads

31
Q

quads insertion

A

superior aspect of patella and ultimately to the tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

32
Q

RF origin

A

AIIS

33
Q

RF muscle action

A

RF = Hf, Ke

34
Q

3 vasti origin

A

proximal femur

35
Q

vastus lateralis and medialis are what kind muscles with what kind of pull

A

pennate muscles that pull on patella at oblique angles

36
Q

Posterior muscles of knee

A

hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, gastroc

37
Q

biceps femoris long head O

A

ischial tuberosity

38
Q

biceps femoris short head O

A

mid-femur

39
Q

bicep femoris insertion

A

lateral condyle of tibia and head of the fibula

40
Q

biceps femoris muscle action

A

flex and ext rot knee

extend and ext rot hip

41
Q

SM and ST muscle action

A

flex and int rot knee

extend and int rot hip

42
Q

sartorius origin

A

ASIS

43
Q

The tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and SM join to form the

A

pes anserinus

44
Q

Pes anserinus insertion

A

anteromedial aspect of prox tibia, just inferior to tibial tuberosity

45
Q

gastroc muscle action

A

flex knee; plantarflex foot

46
Q

popliteus is weak

A

knee flexor

47
Q

purpose of popliteus

A

unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia

48
Q

describe the ankle jt

A

synovial hinge jt betwen distal tibia and fibula dome of talus

49
Q

what is the malleolar mortise

A

a tight fibrous syndesmosis between tibia nad fibula unites the distal ends of bones to form mm into which te trochlea “dome: of talus fits

50
Q

a plane syn jt between talus and calcaneus is what jt

A

subtalar jt

51
Q

talocrural jt allows

A

15-20 dorsi, 50 deg plantarflex in sagg plane

52
Q

subtalar allows

A

20-30 degrees inversion, 5-15 eversion

53
Q

what jts of ankle permit gliding motion?

A

midtarsal and tarsometatarsal

54
Q

foot flexion and ext of digits jts

A

metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts

55
Q

pronation of foot is combo of

A

talocrural dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abd

56
Q

supination of foot is combo of

A

talocrural plantarflexion, subtar inversion, and forefoot adduction

57
Q

Ant muscles for foot

A

tibialis ant, peroneus tertius, extensor digitiorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

58
Q

tibialis ant, peroneus tertius, extensor digitiorum longus, extensor hallucis longus muscle action

A

ankle dorsiflexors

59
Q

what muscle inverts foot?

A

tib ant

60
Q

what muscle everts foot?

A

peroneus tertius

61
Q

Extensor hallucis longus acts to do what?

A

extend big toe and extensor digitorum longus extend digits 2-5

62
Q

lateral muscles of ankle and foot

A

peroneus longus, brevis

63
Q

peroneus longus, brevis muscle action

A

evert foot and assist w/ plantarflexion

64
Q

Superficial post muscles of foot

A

gastroc, soleus , plantaris

65
Q

gastroc, soleus , plantaris muscle action

A

plantarflexors

66
Q

gastroc has more what than soleus

A

gastroc has more fast twitch fibers than soleus

67
Q

When is gastroc used over soleus?

A

Gastroc is used more during dynamic, higher force activiies

68
Q

soleus is more active in

A

postural and static contractions

69
Q

At 90 degress knee flexion, the gastroc expierneces what?

A

passive insufficiency and thus is less active when knee is straight aka 0 deg flexion

70
Q

during calf raise exs, keep knee how to emphasize gastroc and soleus repstiviely

A

gastroc=striaght leg

soleus = bent leg

71
Q

deep post muscles of foot and ankle

A

flexor digitorum longus, felxoro hallucis longus, tiab post, popliteus

72
Q

flexor digitorum longus, felxoro hallucis longus, tiab post muscle action

A

plantar flexors and inverters

ACSM CPT (15 decks)

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