Knee: Examination 1 Flashcards
Joint effusion: grade 0
none
Joint effusion: grade “trace”
milk medially, sweep laterally
small amount back
Joint effusion: grade 1+
milk it out and does not return on its own
Joint effusion: grade 2+
milk it out and immediately returns to full pouch
Joint effusion: grade 3+
cannot milk it out
joint mobility end feels:
normal for knee flexion with hip flexed
soft (soft tissue approximation)
joint mobility end feels:
normal for flexion with hip extended
firm (quad tension)
joint mobility end feels:
abnormal - empty
unwillingness or inability to allow assessment
joint mobility end feels:
abnormal/empty endfeel might indicate
- serious pathology (fx)
- excessive laxity
joint mobility end feels:
normal for extension
firm
joint mobility end feels:
abnormal for extension
bony
joint mobility end feels:
abnormal bony endfeel implications
may require surgical intervention
MMT in strong patients has poor (2)
- reliability
- sensitivity
muscle strength: preferred method
use of handheld dynamometer if available
Ligament testing: grade 1+
3-5 mm
Ligament testing: grade 2+
5-10 mm
Ligament testing: grade 3+
> 10 mm
Collateral ligament testing: In this position, preferentially testing the collateral ligaments
20-30˚
Collateral ligament testing: varus/valgus testing at 0˚
which structures
both collateral and secondary restraints
Collateral ligament testing: secondary restraints
cruciate ligaments
Collateral ligament testing: higher sensitivity/specificity with (valgus/varus) stress testing
valgus
Collateral ligament testing: higher sensitivity or specificity for pain and laxity?
sensitivity
(+) Anterior drawer = (#) mm translation with endfeel
6 mm
Anterior drawer tests this bundle of ACL
anteromedial
