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OPTIM OCS: LQ > Ankle: Anatomy 5 > Flashcards

Ankle: Anatomy 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Flat foot postures (or pes planus) generally fall into two categories. What are they?

A
  • supple flat foot

- rigid flat foot

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2
Q

What is a supple flat foot?

A

arch collapses during WB activities but is present when unloaded

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3
Q

What is a rigid flat foot?

A

Arch is absent in both WB and unloaded positions

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4
Q

Flat foot: related factors

Femoral version

A

Anteversion

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5
Q

Flat foot: related factors

Weakness in what muscles?

A
  • hip external rotators
  • posterior glute med
  • posterior tibialis
  • peroneus longus
  • hip abductors
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6
Q

Flat foot: related factors

Tightness where

A
  • medial hamstrings

- dorsiflexion

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7
Q

Flat foot: related factors

Bony/structural factors

A
  • tibia varum
  • forefoot varus
  • femoral anteversion
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8
Q

Flat foot: related factors

Body comp

A

Obesity

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9
Q

Flat foot: associated injuries or conditions

A
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • Interdigital neuroma
  • Shin splints
  • Sesamoiditis
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome
  • Patellofemoral dysfunction
  • Tibial rotation disorders
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10
Q

Pes cavus: more or less common than flat foot deformity?

A

Less common

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11
Q

Pes cavus: Common neuromuscular pathology found in which age groups?

A

Children

Elderly

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12
Q

Pes cavus: Related factors

Femoral version

A

Retroversion

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13
Q

Pes cavus: Related factors

bony

A
  • Decreased calcaneal eversion
  • high degree of tibia varum
  • femoral retroversion
  • congenital foot deformities (club foot)
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14
Q

Pes cavus: Related factors

Muscular imbalance with stronger (what group)

A

Subtalar joint invertors

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15
Q

Pes cavus: Associated injuries or conditions

A
  • metatarsalgia
  • stress fx
  • peroneal tendonitis
  • ITBS
  • lateral ankle sprain
  • LBP
  • sesamoiditis
  • plantar fasciitis
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16
Q

This nerve is often stretched as a result of inversion injury to the ankle

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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17
Q

What nerve runs through the tarsal tunnel?

A

Posterior tibial nerve

18
Q

Which nerve on the anterior aspect of the foot is often compressed at the extensor retinaculum?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

19
Q

Components of the arches of the foot

A
  • keystone
  • posterior pillar
  • anterior pillar
  • tie rod
20
Q

Where is the keystone in the arch of the foot?

A

At the peak of the arch

21
Q

Medial longitudinal arch:

What is the keystone?

A

Talar head

22
Q

Medial longitudinal arch:

What is the posterior pillar?

A

Calcaneus

23
Q

Medial longitudinal arch:

What is the anterior pillar?

A
  • sesamoids

- heads of metatarsals 1-3

24
Q

Medial longitudinal arch:

What is the tie rod?

A

Plantar fascia

25
Q

Why do clinicians commonly treat medial arch pain pathology passively?

A

High degree of passive stability

26
Q

Recent evidence suggest that active structures play a large role in medial arch support and clinicians are encouraged to focus on what treatment modalities?

A

Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscle strengthening

27
Q

Medial arch: extrinsic strengthening

Which muscles?

A

Posterior tibialis

Triceps surae

28
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch:

What is the keystone?

A

Cuboid

29
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch:

What is the posterior pillar?

A

Calcaneus

30
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch:

What is the anterior pillar?

A

Heads of metatarsals 4-5

31
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch:

What is the tie rod?

A

Plantar fascia

32
Q

Transverse arch:

What is the keystone?

A

Middle cuneiform

33
Q

Transverse arch:

What is the lateral pillar?

A

Cuboid

34
Q

Transverse arch:

What is the medial pillar?

A

Medial cuneiform

35
Q

Transverse arch:

What is the tie rod?

A

Peroneus longus tendon

36
Q

Anterior compartment: which muscle group

A

Dorsiflexors

37
Q

Lateral compartment: which muscle groups

A

Pronators

38
Q

Deep posterior compartment: which muscle groups?

A

Subtalar supinators

Also thought to raise medial arch

39
Q

anterior compartment: what are the ankle dorsiflexors?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • EHL
  • EDL
  • peroneus tertius
40
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the feet serve what functions?

A
  • IP joint flexion
  • arch support
  • propulsion
41
Q

Lateral compartment: what are the muscles that perform pronation?

A
  • peroneus longus

- peroneus brevis

42
Q

Deep posterior compartment: which muscles are the subtalar supinators (also thought to raise medial arch)?

A
  • FDL
  • FHL
  • posterior tibialis

OPTIM OCS: LQ (43 decks)

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