Ankle: Anatomy 4 Flashcards
What are the primary lateral ligaments of the ankle?
- ATFL
- CFL
- PTFL
Lateral collateral ligaments: ATFL prevents what motions
anterior displacement of the talus relative to the mortise
Lateral collateral ligaments: CFL is taut with these motions
inversion and adduction of the calcaneus relative to the fibula
Lateral collateral ligaments: PTFL is taut in what position
ER of the talus relative to the ankle mortise
Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:
% with complete rupture of ATFL
65%
Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:
% with combined injury to ATFL/CFL
20%
Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:
% with anterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
10%
Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:
% with deltoid ligament
3%
Isolated injuries to the PTFL are (common/rare)
rare
Isolated injuries to the CFL are (common/rare)
NONEXISTENT
What is the function of the deltoid ligament?
controls medial joint stability and end ranges of DF and PF
Deltoid ligaments composed of these:
- tibionavicular
- posterior talotibial
- calcaneotibial
- anterior talotibial
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:
These ligaments tie the calcaneocuboid joint together
Plantar ligament (long and short)
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:
Spring ligament AKA
Calcaneonavicular ligament
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:
The spring ligament is found on what surface of the foot?
Plantar
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: What is the function of the spring ligament?
- Ties the talonavicular joint together
- Contributes to medial longitudinal arch by supporting the talar head and navicular
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: the spring ligament is frequently involved in this type of deformity
Flat foot deformity
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: Lisfranc ligament aka
Cuneometatarsal interosseous ligament
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: What does the Lisfranc ligament connect?
1st and 2nd metatarsals along with medial cuneiform
Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: The Lisfranc ligament is frequently injured in (high/low) energy injuries
Both
Windlass effect: DF of the toes causes traction on (structure) which elevates the longitudinal arch
Plantar fascia
At what point during stance phase of gait does the windlass effect occur?
From midstance to terminal stance
The windlass effect creates what for propulsion during gait?
A more rigid foot
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
STJ (pronation/supination) unlocks the midfoot
Pronation
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Subtalar pronation unlocks the midfoot. This is called______
Adaptation
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Unlocking the midfoot allows for a supple platform to absorb load
Shock absorption
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Following this phase of gait, STJ supination begins
Midstance
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Following midstance, subtalar supination begins and builds tension causing what to rise
Midfoot
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Following midstance subtalar supination (begins once great toe is extended) builds tension causing the midfoot to rise. This is called _____
Torque conversion
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Once the foot is fully supinated, the congruency of the bones and tension in the midfoot locks the foot into a rigid and stable position. This is called ______
Rigid lever
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Recent studies have found that this muscle acts to decelerate the tibia during gait
Soleus
Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle
Recent studies have found that this muscle(s) acts to aid in plantarflexion and push off during gait
Triceps surae
Hallux kinematics: Hallux aka
1st MTP joint
Hallux kinematics: As a result of the 1st MTP staying in contact with the ground as the rest of the foot goes into plantarflexion, the first ray must extend by how much?
> 40˚
Up to 90˚during running
Hallux kinematics: During heel raise, the first ray is estimated to extend to
> 60˚
