Knee and Hip Anatomy Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint ?
Diarthrodial joint - A layer of fibrocartilage of hyaline cartilage that lines the opposing bony surfaces as well as lubricating the synovial cavity.
Ball and socket
Name the 4 muscles which are known as hip flexors
- Illio-psoas
- Rectus Femoris
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
Name the 4 muscles which are known as hip extensors
- Glut. Max
- Semitinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps Fem.
Which nerve is the main innovator of the hip flexors with the exception of the Illiopsoas muscle?
The femoral Nerve
Illiopasos - L1 Ventral ramus and femoral n.
Which nerve is the main innovator of the hip extensors with the exception of the Glut. Max muscle?
The sciatic nerve
Glut. Max - Inferior Gluteal Nerve.
What are the 3 main muscles which abduct the hip ?
- Gluteus minimus
- Gluteus medius
- Tensor fascia lutae
Which nerve is the main innovator for the muscles of hip abduction?
Superior gluteal nerve
What are the 4 main muscles responsible for hip adduction?
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor Magnus
- Gracilis
Which nerve is the main innovator of the muscles of hip adduction with the exception of the Adductor Magnus?
The obturator nerve
Adductor magnus - Obturator nerve and sciatic nerve
What are the 2 main muscles of internal hip rotation?
- Anterior fibres of the glutues medius
2. Tensor Fascia Latae
What are the 7 muscles which are responsible for external hip rotation?
- Glut. Max
- Piriformis
- Sup. Gemellus
- Inferior. Gemellus
- Obturator Internum
- Obturator externus
- Quadratus Femoris
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the internal hip rotators?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
What is Shenton’s line in hip pathology?
A line formed by the medial edge of the femoral neck and the inferior edge of the superior pubic ramus.
What is a loss of Shenton’s line on a radiograph a sign of ?
Fractured neck of femur - do not always cause a loss of Shenton’s line
What supplies blood to the capsule of the femor (femoral head and neck) ?
The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries (Intramedullary arteries)
How many articulating surfaces are there in a knee joint?
3
Which sesamoid bone is the largest in the body?
The patella
What is the role of the lateral collateral ligament in the knee (LCL)?
Runs on the outside part of the knee and limits sideways motion of the knee
What is the role of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in the knee?
Connects the femur to the tibia in the centre of your knee and limits rotation and forward motion of the tibia
What is the role of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the knee?
Runs down the inside of your knee joint.
Connects the femur to the tibia and limits sideways motion of the knee.
What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee?
Connects femur to tibia and limits backwards motion of the tibia
Which nerve innervates the knee extensor muscles?
The femoral nerve
Which nerve innervates the knee flexor muscles with the exception of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
Sciatic nerve
Gastrocnemius - S1
What is the role of the meniscii i the knee?
Load transmission
Stability
Proprioception
Shock absorption
