Knee and Hip Anatomy

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

Answer 1

Diarthrodial joint - A layer of fibrocartilage of hyaline cartilage that lines the opposing bony surfaces as well as lubricating the synovial cavity.

Ball and socket

Question 2

Name the 4 muscles which are known as hip flexors

Answer 2

1. Illio-psoas
2. Rectus Femoris
3. Sartorius
4. Pectineus

Question 3

Name the 4 muscles which are known as hip extensors

Answer 3

1. Glut. Max
2. Semitinosus
3. Semimembranosus
4. Biceps Fem.

Question 4

Which nerve is the main innovator of the hip flexors with the exception of the Illiopsoas muscle?

Answer 4

The femoral Nerve

Illiopasos - L1 Ventral ramus and femoral n.

Question 5

Which nerve is the main innovator of the hip extensors with the exception of the Glut. Max muscle?

Answer 5

The sciatic nerve

Glut. Max - Inferior Gluteal Nerve.

Question 6

What are the 3 main muscles which abduct the hip ?

Answer 6

1. Gluteus minimus
2. Gluteus medius
3. Tensor fascia lutae

Question 7

Which nerve is the main innovator for the muscles of hip abduction?

Answer 7

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 8

What are the 4 main muscles responsible for hip adduction?

Answer 8

1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor Magnus
4. Gracilis

Question 9

Which nerve is the main innovator of the muscles of hip adduction with the exception of the Adductor Magnus?

Answer 9

The obturator nerve

Adductor magnus - Obturator nerve and sciatic nerve

Question 10

What are the 2 main muscles of internal hip rotation?

Answer 10

1. Anterior fibres of the glutues medius

2. Tensor Fascia Latae

Question 11

What are the 7 muscles which are responsible for external hip rotation?

Answer 11

1. Glut. Max
2. Piriformis
3. Sup. Gemellus
4. Inferior. Gemellus
5. Obturator Internum
6. Obturator externus
7. Quadratus Femoris

Question 12

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the internal hip rotators?

Answer 12

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Question 13

What is Shenton’s line in hip pathology?

Answer 13

A line formed by the medial edge of the femoral neck and the inferior edge of the superior pubic ramus.

Question 14

What is a loss of Shenton’s line on a radiograph a sign of ?

Answer 14

Fractured neck of femur - do not always cause a loss of Shenton’s line

Question 15

What supplies blood to the capsule of the femor (femoral head and neck) ?

Answer 15

The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries (Intramedullary arteries)

Question 16

How many articulating surfaces are there in a knee joint?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

Which sesamoid bone is the largest in the body?

Answer 17

The patella

Question 18

What is the role of the lateral collateral ligament in the knee (LCL)?

Answer 18

Runs on the outside part of the knee and limits sideways motion of the knee

Question 19

What is the role of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in the knee?

Answer 19

Connects the femur to the tibia in the centre of your knee and limits rotation and forward motion of the tibia

Question 20

What is the role of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the knee?

Answer 20

Runs down the inside of your knee joint.

Connects the femur to the tibia and limits sideways motion of the knee.

Question 21

What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee?

Answer 21

Connects femur to tibia and limits backwards motion of the tibia

Question 22

Which nerve innervates the knee extensor muscles?

Answer 22

The femoral nerve

Question 23

Which nerve innervates the knee flexor muscles with the exception of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

Answer 23

Sciatic nerve

Gastrocnemius - S1

Question 24

What is the role of the meniscii i the knee?

Answer 24

Load transmission
Stability
Proprioception
Shock absorption