Fractures (Basics, Healing and Complications)

Question 1

Define dislocation

Answer 1

A complete joint disruption

Question 2

Define subluxation

Answer 2

Partial dislocation

Question 3

Define open fracture

Answer 3

Direct communication between external environment and the fracture.

Question 4

Define Type 1 Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 4

Wound <1cm, clean, simple fracture pattern

Question 5

Define Type 2 Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 5

Wound >1cm, moderate soft tissue damage, adequate skin coverage, simple fracture pattern.

Question 6

Define Type 3 Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 6

Extensive soft tissue damage, complex fracture pattern

Question 7

Define Type 3A Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 7

Adequate periosteal coverage

Question 8

Define Type 3B Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 8

Tissue loss requiring soft-tissue coverage procedure i.e. flap or graft

Question 9

Define Type 3C Gustilo Classification of an open fracture

Answer 9

Vascular injury requiring repair

Question 10

What are the indications for emergency urgent surgery?

Answer 10

6-hour rule
Gross contamination or compartment syndrome
Neurovascular compromise

Question 11

What are the 3 C’s used to assess before/after surgical debridement and fixation

Answer 11

Colour
Consistency
Capacity to bleed