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*Science Exam Semester 2* > Keywords - Physics > Flashcards

Keywords - Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Wave

A

Transmitter of energy without the movement of particles from place to place.

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2
Q

Transverse wave

A

Waves involving the vibration of particles perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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3
Q

Compression wave

A

Wave involving the vibration of particles in the same direction as the energy transfer.

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4
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

Another name for compression wave.

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5
Q

Medium

A

The material through which waves travel.

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6
Q

Vibrations

A

Repeated fast back and forth movements

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7
Q

Compression

A

Region in which particles are closer together than when not disturbed by waves.

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8
Q

Rarefaction

A

Region in which the particles are further apart than when not disturbed by waves.

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9
Q

Frequency

A

Number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second.

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10
Q

Hertz

A

Unit of frequency, equal to one vibration per second. Abbreviated to Hz.

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11
Q

Pitch

A

Highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch depends on the frequency of the vibrations.

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12
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs.

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13
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position.

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14
Q

Sonar

A

The use of soundwaves to locate objects under water (SOund Navigation And Ranging).

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15
Q

Echolocation

A

The use of sound to locate objects by detecting echoes.

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16
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sounds with frequencies too high for humans to hear.

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17
Q

Ear canal

A

The tube that leads from outside the ear to the eardrum.

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18
Q

Eardrum

A

A thin piece of stretched skin inside the ear that vibrates when sound waves reach it.

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19
Q

Membrane

A

A thin layer of tissue.

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20
Q

Auricle

A

The fleshy outside part of the ear, also called the pinna.

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21
Q

Cochlea

A

The snail shaped part of the ear. It is lines with tiny hairs that are vibrated by sound and stimulate the hearing receptors.

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22
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Three curved tubes, filled with fluid, in the the inner ear that control your balance.

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23
Q

Auditory nerve

A

A large nerve that sends signals to the brain from the hearing receptors in the cochlea.

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24
Q

Ossicles

A

A set of three tiny bones that send vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They also make the vibrations louder.

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25
Q

Oval window

A

An egg shaped hole covered in thin tissue. It is the entrance from the outer ear to the inner ear.

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26
Q

Relative intensity

A

A measure of how loud a sound is using a sound meter.

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27
Q

Sound level

A

The energy of a sound, which is an indication of how loud the sound is.

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28
Q

Decibel (dB)

A

A unit of measurement of relative sound intensity.

29
Q

Threshold of hearing

A

The lowest level of sound that can be heard by a human.

30
Q

Threshold of pain

A

The lowest level of sound that causes pain to the human ear.

31
Q

Tinnitus

A

A ringing or similar sensation in the ears, caused by damage to the cells of the inner ear.

32
Q

Cochlear implant

A

A device implanted behind the ear that detects and processes sound, then sends signals to the auditory nerve, so that severely deaf people can hear. This is also called a bionic ear.

33
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Complete range of wavelengths of energy radiation as electric and magnetic fields.

34
Q

Radiowaves

A

Low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light.

35
Q

Infra red radiation

A

Invisible radiation felt as heat, emitted by all warm objects.

36
Q

Visible light

A

A very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to which our eyes are sensitive.

37
Q

Ultraviolet light

A

Invisible radiation similar to light, with a slightly higher frequency and more energy.

38
Q

X-rays

A

High energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure.

39
Q

Gamma rays

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reactions. They have no mass and travel at the speed of light.

40
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Electromagnetic energy that is transmitted as moving electric and magnetic fields.

41
Q

Rays

A

Narrow beams of light.

42
Q

Beam

A

Wide stream of light rays, all moving in the same direction.

43
Q

Reflection

A

Light bouncing off the surface of a surface.

44
Q

Luminous

A

An object that releases its own light.

45
Q

Scattering

A

Describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance.

46
Q

Transparent

A

Describes a substance that allows most light to pass through it.

47
Q

Translucent

A

Allowing light to come through imperfectly, as in frosted glass.

48
Q

Opaque

A

Describes a substance that does not allow any light to pass through it.

49
Q

Concave

A

Curved inwards.

50
Q

Convex

A

Curved outwards.

51
Q

Focal point

A

The focus for a beam of light rays.

52
Q

Lateral inversion

A

Reversed sideways.

53
Q

Refraction

A

Change in the speed of light as it passes from one substance into another. It usually involves a change in direction.

54
Q

Normal

A

A line drawn perpendicular to a surface at a point where a light Ray meets it,

55
Q

Image

A

Picture of an object.

56
Q

Retina

A

Curved surface at the back of the eye. It is lined with sight receptors.

57
Q

Optic nerve

A

Large nerves that send signals to the brain from the sight receptors in the retina.

58
Q

Cornea

A

The curved, clear, outer covering of the eye.

59
Q

Lens

A

A transparent curved object that bends light towards or away from a point called the focus. The eye has a jellylike lens.

60
Q

Iris

A

Coloured part of the eye that opens and closes the pupil to control how much light is let in.

61
Q

Pupil

A

A hole through which light enters the eye.

62
Q

Converging lens

A

A lens that bends light so that they move towards each other.

63
Q

Diverging lens

A

A lens that bends light rays so that they move further apart.

64
Q

Biconvex

A

A lens that is bent outwards on both sides.

65
Q

Biconcave

A

A lens that in bent inwards on both sides.

66
Q

Transmitting antenna

A

Metal structure in which vibrating electrons cause radio waves to travel through the air.

67
Q

Receiving antenna

A

Metal structure in which electrons are made to vibrate by radio waves or microwaves in the atmosphere.

68
Q

Carrier waves

A

Radio waves that are altered in a precise way so that they contain an audio signal.

*Science Exam Semester 2* (30 decks)

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