Key Optometric Terminology Flashcards
Ocular Manifestations of a systemic disease
An eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body.
What do you call a person who is new to a subject or activity?
Neophyte
What do you call an experienced CLs wearer?
Habitual lens wearer
What is Pathogenesis?
The manner of development of a disease.
What is Pathognomonic?
(Of a sign or symptom) specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.
What is Circumlinear?
Composed of encircling lines such as contours
How to describe good margins?
Well-demarcated
What is Circumferential?
Going around the edge
What is Pathophysiology?
Seeks to explain the functional changes that accompany the disease or injury.
Neurological Disorder
Any condition that is caused by a dysfunction in part of the brain or Nervous System, resulting in physical and/or psychological symptoms.
Provisional Diagnosis
Not 100% certain of a diagnosis when more information and tests are required.
Microangiopathy
A disease of the capillaries, in which the capillary walls become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood.
Hyperglycaemia
Refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood.
It occurs when the body does not produce or use enough insulin, which is a hormone that absorbs glucose into cells for use as energy.
High blood sugar is indicative for DM.
Focal Neurologic Deficit
Consists of a set of symptoms or signs in which causation can be localized to an anatomic site in the CNS.
Speech, vision, and hearing problems are also considered focal neurological deficits.
Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent’s spread from an initial, primary site to a different, secondary site within the host’s body.
Tentative Diagnosis
The recognition of certain symptoms which, without a detailed examination of the patient, arouse suspicion of the presence of disease.
Noncontiguous
Not touching or attached
Protracted
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Agenesis
Refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue.
Caucasoid
Relating to the Caucasian division of humankind
Mongaloid
Relating to the broad division of humankind including the Indigenous peoples of East Asia, South East Asia, and the Arctic region of North America.
Litmus Test?
A decisively indicative test
e.g.
Amsler Chart is a Litmus Test for Macular Disease
Perimetry is a Litmus Test for Visual Function Anomalies.
Homogeneous
Of the same kind; alike.
Heterogeneous
Different constituents
Clinical Refraction
The neutralization of an individual’s refractive error using a variety of tests in which the patient’s responses determine the lens power that best produces a sharply focused image on the retina.
Over-refraction
Determination of any residual refractive error of the eye while the patient is wearing optimal correction.
In situ
Inside
Predisposition
A liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition.
Colloquial language
Informal
Layman’s terms
Simple language that anyone can understand
Subclinical
Relating to or denoting a disease which is not severe enough to present definite or readily observable symptoms.
Preclinical
Relating to or denoting the stage in a disease prior to the appearance of symptoms that make a diagnosis possible.
Sound Eye
Non-defective
Active Research
Research is ongoing, no conclusive answer
Profuse
Very plentiful; abundant.
Prolific
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful.
Prevalence
The proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition at a specific time.
Cauterise
Burn
Subsides
Become less intense, violent, or severe.
Self-limiting
An illness or condition which will either resolve on its own or which has no long-term harmful effect on a person’s health.
Substantive
Having a firm basis in reality and so important, meaningful, or considerable.
Special category data
Is personal data that needs more protection because it is sensitive.
In order to lawfully process special category data, you must identify both a lawful basis under Article 6 of the GDPR and a separate condition for processing under Article 9.
Clinical Evidence
The clinical data and the clinical evaluation report pertaining to a medical device.
Cataractogenesis
The process of Cataract formation.
Deleterious
Causing harm or damage.
Detrimental
Tending to cause harm.
Irrigate
Flush
Diagnostic Imaging
Describes various techniques of viewing the inside of the body to help figure out the causes of an illness or injury and confirm a diagnosis.
Prompt Referral
Urgent
Focal
Limited to 1 specific Area i.e. Localised
Non-Focal
Generalised
Clinical Significance |
Clinical Relevance
Practical Importance
Comorbidity
The co-occurrence of more than one disorder in the same individual simultaneously but occurring independently.
Implications
The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.
Tolerance
The ability to endure
Hallmark Lesion
A distinguishing feature
Penetration
Passing into
Perforation
Passing through
Grey Area
An ill-defined area where there are no definitive guidelines.
Subacute
A condition between acute and chronic.
Subset
A part of a larger group of related things.
Innocuous
Not-harmful
Cutaneous
Relating to or affecting the skin.
First-degree Relative
A family member who shares about 50% of their genes with a particular individual in a family.
Parents, siblings and Offspring
Benign
Not harmful
Malignant
Virulent nature
Spurious
False results
Repeat certain tests to eliminate spurious results
:)
Forewarn
Inform of possible future danger or problem.
Anhidrosis
The inability to sweat normally.
Perspire
Sweating
Hyporeflexia
Refers to a condition in which your muscles are less responsive to stimuli.
Indications
Factor that serves as a reason to proceed in that direction.
Contraindication
Factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
Feasible
Possible to do easily or conveniently.
Adherence
A more positive, proactive behavior, which results in a lifestyle change by the patient, who must follow a daily regimen.
Compliance
A passive behavior in which a patient is following a list of instructions from the doctor.
Psychogenic
Having a psychological origin or cause rather than a physical one.
Familial
Relating to or occurring in a family or its members.
Preclude
Prevent from happening
Cutaneous
Affecting skin
Hypotony
Low intraocular pressure (IOP) and occasionally is associated with decreased vision.
Normal IOP is usually between 12 and 22 mm Hg.
What is Presbyopia?
Where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects due to loss of accommodation.
What words can be used to describe Presbyopic patients at different stages?
- Emerging/Incipient
- Transitional
- Mature
Systemic Toxicity
This refers to toxic effects caused as a result of absorption and distribution of a substance that affects the whole body rather than a specific (local) area, i.e. to an area distant from its entry point.
Preexisiting Conditions
A medical condition that started before a person’s health benefits went into effect like Diabetes.
Concurrent
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Erroneous
Wrong
Clinical reasoning
Cognitive processes used for analysing knowledge relative to a clinical situation or specific patient.
Clinical judgment
The cognitive, psychomotor, and affective processes demonstrated through action and behaviours.
Inherently
Innate
Intrinsic
Proprioception
Perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body.
Kinaesthesia
Sixth sense
Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints.
Basal layer
Innermost layer
Transcleral
Across the sclera
Transcorneal
Across the cornea
Remarkable
Area of interest
Unremarkable
No abnormal findings
Parenteral Route of Administration Examples
- Subcutaneous
- Intramusclar
- Intravenous
- Intrapertoneal
- Intradermal
Retard
Delay
Debilitating
Tenden to weaken something.
Detrimental
Tending to cause harm.
Desquamate
Come off in scales or flakes.
Augment
Increase
Glaucomatous eye
Glaucoma prone
Ubiquitous
Present, Found everywhere
Sequelae
A pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, therapy or trauma.
Pre-requisite
A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist.
Idiosyncratic Response
Adverse drug reactions that do not occur in most patients at any dose and do not involve the known pharmacological properties of the drug.
Type B Reaction
Precursor
Something that happened or existed before
Entoptic Phenomena
Visual Effects whose source is within the eye itself
Conspicuous
Clear, evident
Risk of Precipitating…
Factors that cause etc..
In lieu
In place of
Prophylactic
Intended to prevent disease
Teratogenic effects
Drugs that cause abnormal fetal development.
Substantiated
Provide evidence to support or prove the truth of.
Substantial
Considerable Importance
Suffice
Adequate
Haematoma
Collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
Secretomotor
Refers to the capacity of a structure (often a nerve) to induce a gland to secrete a substance (usually mucus or serous fluid).
Immunocompromised
Having an impaired immune system.
Adnexa
This is the surrounding tissue component including the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, extra-ocular muscles, lacrimal gland and drainage system.
Ameliorate
Make better
Delineate
Describe precisely
Constellation
A group of associated or similar things.
Overt Abnormalities
Plainly apparent
Constitute
Account for
Prophylaxis
Measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease.
Lacuna
Cavity or depression
Unerupted teeth
One that has not grown in yet.
Familial
Occuring in the family
Predilection
Preference for something like gender
Shearing Force
Unaligned force
Contusion
A region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.
Avulsion
An injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery
Prodromal
Relating to or denoting the period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development.
Herald
Be a sign that (something) is about to happen.
Amaurosis Fugax
A condition in which a person cannot see out of one or both eyes due to a lack of blood flow to the eye(s). The condition is a symptom of an underlying problem, such as a blood clot or insufficient blood flow to the blood vessels that supply the eye.
Crescendo Pattern Migraine
Increasing
Rhinorrhea
“Runny Nose”
the free discharge of a thin nasal mucus fluid.
Sentinels
An indicator of the presence of disease.
Confluent
Flowing together
Genetic Predisposition
A genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development and increases the likelihood of developing a disease
Emanate
Emerge
Pucker
Tightly gather
Self-presented
Presented themself
Disc Diameter
Perpendicular distance from the Optic Nerve
Nyctalopia
A condition characterised by an abnormal inability to see in dim light or at night, typically caused by vitamin A deficiency.
“Night blindness”
Integrated Approach
A more comprehensive and holistic approach to disease management.
Morbidity
The condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition.
Angiogenic Growth Factor
Class of molecules which exert a fundamental role in the process of blood vessel formation.
Landmark Clinical Trial
A pivotal clinical trial should have a sustained, important impact on clinical practice.
Fibrosis
Describes the development of fibrous connective tissue as a reparative response to injury or damage. Fibrosis may refer to the connective tissue deposition that occurs as part of normal healing or to the excess tissue deposition that occurs as a pathological process.
“Fibrotic Scaring”
Pathological wound healing
Impending
About to happen
Occult
(Of a disease or process) not accompanied by readily discernible signs or symptoms.
Clinicopathological
Relating to or concerned both with the signs and symptoms directly observable by the physician and with the results of laboratory examination.
Symptomology
The set of symptoms characteristic of a medical condition or exhibited by a patient.
Hyalocytes
Vitreous cells
