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Optometry > Key Optometric Terminology > Flashcards

Key Optometric Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Ocular Manifestations of a systemic disease

A

An eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body.

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2
Q

What do you call a person who is new to a subject or activity?

A

Neophyte

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3
Q

What do you call an experienced CLs wearer?

A

Habitual lens wearer

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4
Q

What is Pathogenesis?

A

The manner of development of a disease.

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5
Q

What is Pathognomonic?

A

(Of a sign or symptom) specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.

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6
Q

What is Circumlinear?

A

Composed of encircling lines such as contours

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7
Q

How to describe good margins?

A

Well-demarcated

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8
Q

What is Circumferential?

A

Going around the edge

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9
Q

What is Pathophysiology?

A

Seeks to explain the functional changes that accompany the disease or injury.

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10
Q

Neurological Disorder

A

Any condition that is caused by a dysfunction in part of the brain or Nervous System, resulting in physical and/or psychological symptoms.

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11
Q

Provisional Diagnosis

A

Not 100% certain of a diagnosis when more information and tests are required.

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12
Q

Microangiopathy

A

A disease of the capillaries, in which the capillary walls become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood.

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13
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

Refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood.

It occurs when the body does not produce or use enough insulin, which is a hormone that absorbs glucose into cells for use as energy.

High blood sugar is indicative for DM.

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14
Q

Focal Neurologic Deficit

A

Consists of a set of symptoms or signs in which causation can be localized to an anatomic site in the CNS.

Speech, vision, and hearing problems are also considered focal neurological deficits.

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15
Q

Metastasis

A

Metastasis is a pathogenic agent’s spread from an initial, primary site to a different, secondary site within the host’s body.

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16
Q

Tentative Diagnosis

A

The recognition of certain symptoms which, without a detailed examination of the patient, arouse suspicion of the presence of disease.

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17
Q

Noncontiguous

A

Not touching or attached

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18
Q

Protracted

A

Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

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19
Q

Agenesis

A

Refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue.

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20
Q

Caucasoid

A

Relating to the Caucasian division of humankind

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21
Q

Mongaloid

A

Relating to the broad division of humankind including the Indigenous peoples of East Asia, South East Asia, and the Arctic region of North America.

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22
Q

Litmus Test?

A

A decisively indicative test

e.g.

Amsler Chart is a Litmus Test for Macular Disease
Perimetry is a Litmus Test for Visual Function Anomalies.

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23
Q

Homogeneous

A

Of the same kind; alike.

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24
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Different constituents

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25
Q

Clinical Refraction

A

The neutralization of an individual’s refractive error using a variety of tests in which the patient’s responses determine the lens power that best produces a sharply focused image on the retina.

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26
Q

Over-refraction

A

Determination of any residual refractive error of the eye while the patient is wearing optimal correction.

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27
Q

In situ

A

Inside

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28
Q

Predisposition

A

A liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition.

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29
Q

Colloquial language

A

Informal

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30
Q

Layman’s terms

A

Simple language that anyone can understand

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31
Q

Subclinical

A

Relating to or denoting a disease which is not severe enough to present definite or readily observable symptoms.

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32
Q

Preclinical

A

Relating to or denoting the stage in a disease prior to the appearance of symptoms that make a diagnosis possible.

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33
Q

Sound Eye

A

Non-defective

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34
Q

Active Research

A

Research is ongoing, no conclusive answer

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35
Q

Profuse

A

Very plentiful; abundant.

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36
Q

Prolific

A

Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful.

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37
Q

Prevalence

A

The proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition at a specific time.

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38
Q

Cauterise

A

Burn

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39
Q

Subsides

A

Become less intense, violent, or severe.

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40
Q

Self-limiting

A

An illness or condition which will either resolve on its own or which has no long-term harmful effect on a person’s health.

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41
Q

Substantive

A

Having a firm basis in reality and so important, meaningful, or considerable.

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42
Q

Special category data

A

Is personal data that needs more protection because it is sensitive.
In order to lawfully process special category data, you must identify both a lawful basis under Article 6 of the GDPR and a separate condition for processing under Article 9.

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43
Q

Clinical Evidence

A

The clinical data and the clinical evaluation report pertaining to a medical device.

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44
Q

Cataractogenesis

A

The process of Cataract formation.

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45
Q

Deleterious

A

Causing harm or damage.

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46
Q

Detrimental

A

Tending to cause harm.

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47
Q

Irrigate

A

Flush

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48
Q

Diagnostic Imaging

A

Describes various techniques of viewing the inside of the body to help figure out the causes of an illness or injury and confirm a diagnosis.

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49
Q

Prompt Referral

A

Urgent

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50
Q

Focal

A

Limited to 1 specific Area i.e. Localised

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51
Q

Non-Focal

A

Generalised

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52
Q

Clinical Significance |

Clinical Relevance

A

Practical Importance

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53
Q

Comorbidity

A

The co-occurrence of more than one disorder in the same individual simultaneously but occurring independently.

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54
Q

Implications

A

The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.

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55
Q

Tolerance

A

The ability to endure

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56
Q

Hallmark Lesion

A

A distinguishing feature

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57
Q

Penetration

A

Passing into

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58
Q

Perforation

A

Passing through

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59
Q

Grey Area

A

An ill-defined area where there are no definitive guidelines.

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60
Q

Subacute

A

A condition between acute and chronic.

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61
Q

Subset

A

A part of a larger group of related things.

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62
Q

Innocuous

A

Not-harmful

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63
Q

Cutaneous

A

Relating to or affecting the skin.

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64
Q

First-degree Relative

A

A family member who shares about 50% of their genes with a particular individual in a family.

Parents, siblings and Offspring

65
Q

Benign

A

Not harmful

66
Q

Malignant

A

Virulent nature

67
Q

Spurious

A

False results

68
Q

Repeat certain tests to eliminate spurious results

A

:)

69
Q

Forewarn

A

Inform of possible future danger or problem.

70
Q

Anhidrosis

A

The inability to sweat normally.

71
Q

Perspire

A

Sweating

72
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

Refers to a condition in which your muscles are less responsive to stimuli.

73
Q

Indications

A

Factor that serves as a reason to proceed in that direction.

74
Q

Contraindication

A

Factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.

75
Q

Feasible

A

Possible to do easily or conveniently.

76
Q

Adherence

A

A more positive, proactive behavior, which results in a lifestyle change by the patient, who must follow a daily regimen.

77
Q

Compliance

A

A passive behavior in which a patient is following a list of instructions from the doctor.

78
Q

Psychogenic

A

Having a psychological origin or cause rather than a physical one.

79
Q

Familial

A

Relating to or occurring in a family or its members.

80
Q

Preclude

A

Prevent from happening

81
Q

Cutaneous

A

Affecting skin

82
Q

Hypotony

A

Low intraocular pressure (IOP) and occasionally is associated with decreased vision.
Normal IOP is usually between 12 and 22 mm Hg.

83
Q

What is Presbyopia?

A

Where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects due to loss of accommodation.

84
Q

What words can be used to describe Presbyopic patients at different stages?

A
  • Emerging/Incipient
  • Transitional
  • Mature
85
Q

Systemic Toxicity

A

This refers to toxic effects caused as a result of absorption and distribution of a substance that affects the whole body rather than a specific (local) area, i.e. to an area distant from its entry point.

86
Q

Preexisiting Conditions

A

A medical condition that started before a person’s health benefits went into effect like Diabetes.

87
Q

Concurrent

A

Existing, happening, or done at the same time.

88
Q

Erroneous

A

Wrong

89
Q

Clinical reasoning

A

Cognitive processes used for analysing knowledge relative to a clinical situation or specific patient.

90
Q

Clinical judgment

A

The cognitive, psychomotor, and affective processes demonstrated through action and behaviours.

91
Q

Inherently

A

Innate

Intrinsic

92
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body.

Kinaesthesia

Sixth sense

Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints.

93
Q

Basal layer

A

Innermost layer

94
Q

Transcleral

A

Across the sclera

95
Q

Transcorneal

A

Across the cornea

96
Q

Remarkable

A

Area of interest

97
Q

Unremarkable

A

No abnormal findings

98
Q

Parenteral Route of Administration Examples

A
  1. Subcutaneous
  2. Intramusclar
  3. Intravenous
  4. Intrapertoneal
  5. Intradermal
99
Q

Retard

A

Delay

100
Q

Debilitating

A

Tenden to weaken something.

101
Q

Detrimental

A

Tending to cause harm.

102
Q

Desquamate

A

Come off in scales or flakes.

103
Q

Augment

A

Increase

104
Q

Glaucomatous eye

A

Glaucoma prone

105
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Present, Found everywhere

106
Q

Sequelae

A

A pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, therapy or trauma.

107
Q

Pre-requisite

A

A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist.

108
Q

Idiosyncratic Response

A

Adverse drug reactions that do not occur in most patients at any dose and do not involve the known pharmacological properties of the drug.

Type B Reaction

109
Q

Precursor

A

Something that happened or existed before

110
Q

Entoptic Phenomena

A

Visual Effects whose source is within the eye itself

111
Q

Conspicuous

A

Clear, evident

112
Q

Risk of Precipitating…

A

Factors that cause etc..

113
Q

In lieu

A

In place of

114
Q

Prophylactic

A

Intended to prevent disease

115
Q

Teratogenic effects

A

Drugs that cause abnormal fetal development.

116
Q

Substantiated

A

Provide evidence to support or prove the truth of.

117
Q

Substantial

A

Considerable Importance

118
Q

Suffice

A

Adequate

119
Q

Haematoma

A

Collection of blood outside of blood vessels.

120
Q

Secretomotor

A

Refers to the capacity of a structure (often a nerve) to induce a gland to secrete a substance (usually mucus or serous fluid).

121
Q

Immunocompromised

A

Having an impaired immune system.

122
Q

Adnexa

A

This is the surrounding tissue component including the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, extra-ocular muscles, lacrimal gland and drainage system.

123
Q

Ameliorate

A

Make better

124
Q

Delineate

A

Describe precisely

125
Q

Constellation

A

A group of associated or similar things.

126
Q

Overt Abnormalities

A

Plainly apparent

127
Q

Constitute

A

Account for

128
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease.

129
Q

Lacuna

A

Cavity or depression

130
Q

Unerupted teeth

A

One that has not grown in yet.

131
Q

Familial

A

Occuring in the family

132
Q

Predilection

A

Preference for something like gender

133
Q

Shearing Force

A

Unaligned force

134
Q

Contusion

A

A region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.

135
Q

Avulsion

A

An injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery

136
Q

Prodromal

A

Relating to or denoting the period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development.

137
Q

Herald

A

Be a sign that (something) is about to happen.

138
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

A condition in which a person cannot see out of one or both eyes due to a lack of blood flow to the eye(s). The condition is a symptom of an underlying problem, such as a blood clot or insufficient blood flow to the blood vessels that supply the eye.

139
Q

Crescendo Pattern Migraine

A

Increasing

140
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

“Runny Nose”

the free discharge of a thin nasal mucus fluid.

141
Q

Sentinels

A

An indicator of the presence of disease.

142
Q

Confluent

A

Flowing together

143
Q

Genetic Predisposition

A

A genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development and increases the likelihood of developing a disease

144
Q

Emanate

A

Emerge

145
Q

Pucker

A

Tightly gather

146
Q

Self-presented

A

Presented themself

147
Q

Disc Diameter

A

Perpendicular distance from the Optic Nerve

148
Q

Nyctalopia

A

A condition characterised by an abnormal inability to see in dim light or at night, typically caused by vitamin A deficiency.

“Night blindness”

149
Q

Integrated Approach

A

A more comprehensive and holistic approach to disease management.

150
Q

Morbidity

A

The condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition.

151
Q

Angiogenic Growth Factor

A

Class of molecules which exert a fundamental role in the process of blood vessel formation.

152
Q

Landmark Clinical Trial

A

A pivotal clinical trial should have a sustained, important impact on clinical practice.

153
Q

Fibrosis

A

Describes the development of fibrous connective tissue as a reparative response to injury or damage. Fibrosis may refer to the connective tissue deposition that occurs as part of normal healing or to the excess tissue deposition that occurs as a pathological process.

154
Q

“Fibrotic Scaring”

A

Pathological wound healing

155
Q

Impending

A

About to happen

156
Q

Occult

A

(Of a disease or process) not accompanied by readily discernible signs or symptoms.

157
Q

Clinicopathological

A

Relating to or concerned both with the signs and symptoms directly observable by the physician and with the results of laboratory examination.

158
Q

Symptomology

A

The set of symptoms characteristic of a medical condition or exhibited by a patient.

159
Q

Hyalocytes

A

Vitreous cells

Optometry (41 decks)

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