Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What position does the Optic Nerve hold?

Answer 1

Nasal

Question 2

What position does the Macula hold?

Answer 2

Temporal

Question 3

Ischaemia

Answer 3

Insufficient blood flow to provide adequate oxygenation.

Diminished volume of perfusion.

Ischemia can also lead to ischemic pain.

Question 4

Hypoxia

Answer 4

Reduced oxygen

If the hypoxic state is prolonged, cellular death may occur.

Question 5

Anoxia

Answer 5

Absence of oxygen

Question 6

Infarction

Answer 6

The cellular response to lack of perfusion.

Question 7

Extravasation

Answer 7

Leakage of blood

Question 8

Excisional Biopsy

Answer 8

A medical test in which the whole lesion or mass is removed and tested.

Question 9

Incisional Biopsy

Answer 9

A medical test in which a portion of the lesion or mass is removed and tested.

Question 10

Physiologic Cup

Answer 10

A depression in the centre of the Optic Nerve through which the blood vessels pass.

A normal C:D ratio ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 of the disc diameter.

Question 11

Optic Papilla

Answer 11

A slight elevation that is nearly coextensive with the Optic Disc and is produced by the thick bundles of the fibres of the optic nerve in entering the eyeball.

Question 12

Iris

Answer 12

Regulates the quantity of light entering the eye and controls the pupil diameter.

Question 13

Denervation

Answer 13

Any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause.

Question 14

Vasoconstriction

Answer 14

The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

Question 15

Vasodilation

Answer 15

The dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

Question 16

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 16

Where pressure on a nerve in your wrist causes pain and numbness in your hand and fingers.

Question 17

Paresthesia

Answer 17

Refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body.

Median Nerve is compressed

Question 18

Dysarthria

Answer 18

A motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes like p,b,d,t.

Question 19

Uncal Herniation

Answer 19

Occurs when rising intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to flow from one intracranial compartment to another.

Question 20

Tenon’s Capsule

Answer 20

Aka Fascial Sheath of the Eyeball.

Thin membrane which envelopes the eyeball from the Optic Nerve to Corneal Limbus, separating it from the Orbital Fat.

Question 21

Endophthalmitis

Answer 21

Purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection.

Serious intraocular inflammatory disorder resulting from infection of the vitreous cavity. Progressive vitritis is the hallmark of any form of endophthalmitis.

Question 22

Encephalitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of the brain caused by a virus.

Question 23

A spread of the neural impulse from the mesencephalic root of the fifth cranial nerve to the nucleus of the levator may explain the effectiveness of this maneuver.

Answer 23

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Question 24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD

Answer 24

Lung disease characterised by chronic obsruction of lung airflow that interfered with normal breathing.