Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What position does the Optic Nerve hold?
Nasal
What position does the Macula hold?
Temporal
Ischaemia
Insufficient blood flow to provide adequate oxygenation.
Diminished volume of perfusion.
Ischemia can also lead to ischemic pain.
Hypoxia
Reduced oxygen
If the hypoxic state is prolonged, cellular death may occur.
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen
Infarction
The cellular response to lack of perfusion.
Extravasation
Leakage of blood
Excisional Biopsy
A medical test in which the whole lesion or mass is removed and tested.
Incisional Biopsy
A medical test in which a portion of the lesion or mass is removed and tested.
Physiologic Cup
A depression in the centre of the Optic Nerve through which the blood vessels pass.
A normal C:D ratio ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 of the disc diameter.
Optic Papilla
A slight elevation that is nearly coextensive with the Optic Disc and is produced by the thick bundles of the fibres of the optic nerve in entering the eyeball.
Iris
Regulates the quantity of light entering the eye and controls the pupil diameter.
Denervation
Any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause.
Vasoconstriction
The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.
Vasodilation
The dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Where pressure on a nerve in your wrist causes pain and numbness in your hand and fingers.
Paresthesia
Refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body.
Median Nerve is compressed
Dysarthria
A motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes like p,b,d,t.
Uncal Herniation
Occurs when rising intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to flow from one intracranial compartment to another.
Tenon’s Capsule
Aka Fascial Sheath of the Eyeball.
Thin membrane which envelopes the eyeball from the Optic Nerve to Corneal Limbus, separating it from the Orbital Fat.
Endophthalmitis
Purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection.
Serious intraocular inflammatory disorder resulting from infection of the vitreous cavity. Progressive vitritis is the hallmark of any form of endophthalmitis.
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain caused by a virus.
A spread of the neural impulse from the mesencephalic root of the fifth cranial nerve to the nucleus of the levator may explain the effectiveness of this maneuver.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD
Lung disease characterised by chronic obsruction of lung airflow that interfered with normal breathing.
