Key Issues in Global Health (18)

Question 1

Nic Marks

Answer 1

The Happy Planet Index - Why do we measure a nation’s success by its productivity instead of by the happiness and well-being of its people. Fundamental input = planets resources

Question 2

What countries aren’t producing good well-being?

Answer 2

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 3

What countries are producing good well-being?

Answer 3

Costa Rica (abolished army 1949, first to become carbon neutral, invested in health and education

Question 4

5 things to happiness

Answer 4

1. Communicate
2. Be Active
3. Take Notice
4. Learn
5. Give

Question 5

Health

Answer 5

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease/infirmity

Question 6

Global health

Answer 6

Health issues where determinants are oblivious to territorial boundaries, focused on people as a whole

Question 7

International health

Answer 7

Health practices, policies and systems in countries other than one’s own and stresses and more the differences between countries than their commonalities

Question 8

Global health economy has grown by what percentage 2000-2005?

Answer 8

35%

Question 9

Global health challenges

Answer 9

210 million women become pregnant annually, 20 million experience pregnancy-related illness, 500,000 die from complications of pregnancy/childbirth

Question 10

Lifetime risk of dying in pregnancy

Answer 10

Africa 1 in 12

Europe 1 in 4,000

Question 11

Communicable diseases

Answer 11

Any condition which is transmitted directly/indirectly from an infected person/animal through agency of intermediate animal, host, or vector, or inanimate environment

Question 12

Chronic disease

Answer 12

Requires ongoing medical care, limits what one can do, likely to last longer than a year

Question 13

What percentage of the global disease burden are chronic conditions responsible for?

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

Examples of chronic diseases

Answer 14

Diabetes, hypertension, COPD, dementia, obesity, depression, arthritis, cancers, AIDs

Question 15

What percentage of the world’s one billion smokers live in low and middle income countries?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

How many people are currently living with HIV worldwide?

Answer 16

35 million, 38% less than in 2001

Question 17

How many women globally have had a child by age of 18?

Answer 17

1 in 5

Question 18

What percentage of world’s population will live in urban areas in 2 decades?

Answer 18

Nearly 60%

Question 19

Urban slums

Answer 19

• 1/3rd population, 3/4 of least developed countries’ urban population live in slums
• Densely populated, neglected arts of city
• Caused by rapid population growth, rural to urban migration and failure of urban governance

Question 20

Healthcare in future

Answer 20

• Risk of dying before 5 could be halved
• Cigarettes kill half as many again (1/10 world deaths 2030)
• Depression second to AIDS as cause of debilitating illness

Question 21

Health systems

Answer 21

• Improving the health of the population they serve
• Responding to people’s expectations
• Providing financial protection against the costs of ill-health

Question 22

Six Building Blocks of a Health System

Answer 22

Service delivery, Financing, Medical products and technologies, Health information system, Leadership and Governance, Health workforce

Question 23

Funding of healthcare

Answer 23

Countries spending below US$ 10 per person per year seldom appear to achieve more than 75% of the life expectancy that should be possible

Question 24

Primary methods of funding health care systems

Answer 24

1. Direct/out-of-pocket payments
2. General taxation to the state, county, municipality
3. Social health insurance
4. Voluntary or private health insurance
5. Donations/community health insurance

Question 25

Millennium Development Goals (UN Millennium Summit September 2000 by 2015)

Answer 25

1. End poverty and hunger 2. Universal education 3. Gender equality 4. Child health 5. Maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS 7. Environmental sustainability 8. Global partnership

Question 26

World consumption

Answer 26

The 1.2 billion poorest people account for only 1 per cent of world consumption while the billion richest consume 72 per cent

Question 27

New global partnership - eradicate poverty and transform economies through sustainable development (post-2015)

Answer 27

1. Leave no one behind 2. Put sustainable development at the core integrate the social, economy and environmental, dimensions of sustainability 3. Transform economies for jobs and inclusive growth 4. Build peace and effective, open and accountable institutions for all 5. Forge a new global partnership

Question 28

Psychological well-being

Answer 28

A sense of individual vitality, undertake activities which are meaningful, engaging, make them feel competent and autonomous, inner resources help cope and resilient, sense of relatedness to others

Question 29

Measuring PWB

Answer 29

Numerous questionnaires

Question 30

Measuring PWB examples

Answer 30

North West Mental Wellbeing Survey 2009

Question 31

OECD

Answer 31

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, promotes use of well-being measures to compare how well a country is doing

Question 32

NEF

Answer 32

Tried to push government into widening measure of well-being to be broader than GDP

Question 33

Assess Approach - Glass Half-Full

Answer 33

How an asset approach can improve community health and well-being

Question 34

Asset

Answer 34

A health asset is any factor/resource which enhances the ability of individuals, communities and populations to maintain and sustain health and well-being, can be at level of individual, family, or community - protective

Question 35

Community health champions

Answer 35

Volunteers rained to champion health improvement in communities - one-to-ones basis/set up support activities

Question 36

WHO's 'Healthy Hospitals'

Answer 36

Energy efficient, green building design, alternative energy generation, transport (human powered), food, waste, water