Introduction to Promoting Health (9)

Question 1

Health promotion

Answer 1

Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health and maintain well being

Question 2

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Answer 2

• Strengthen community action
• Develop personal skills
• Create supportive environments
• Enable
• Mediate
• Advocate
• Reorient health services
• Building healthy public policy

Question 3

Developing personal skills

Answer 3

Provision of information and enhancement of life skills e.g. change 4 life programme

Question 4

Strengthening community action

Answer 4

Inform (leaflets)

Consult (obtaining public feedback)

Involve (decision making)

Collaborate (health coaching – increases patient activation, confidence, compliance and health behaviours

Empower (gain control, power in people)

Question 5

Approaches

Answer 5

1. Medical/preventive
2. Behaviour change - success dependent on individual
3. Educational - avoids persuasion
4. Empowerment - enhancing the capacity of individuals/populations to identify and address their concerns
5. Social change - smoking ban

Question 6

Medical apporach

Answer 6

Primary - preventing onset
Secondary - detecting and treating pre-symptomatic disease
Tertiary - minimising effects of a disease

Disadvantages - led by health professionals, ignores social determinants

Question 7

Health promotion objectives

Answer 7

• Prevent disease
• Ensure people are well informed and able to make healthy choices
• Help people acquire skills and confidence to take greater control over their health
• Change policies and environments in order to facilitate healthy choices

Question 8

PRECED-PROCEED model

Answer 8

PRECEDE - specify mesurable objectives and baselines

PROCEED - monitoring and continuous quality improvement

Question 9

Problems evaluation health intervention programmes

Answer 9

• Long-term social, behavioural/environmental changes
• Outcomes not easily measured/defined
• Different stakeholders may have different goals
• Evaluation can be expensive and resource consuming
• Difficult to control external influences

Question 10

Health promotion intervention planning models

Answer 10

• SMART
• CD Cynergy
• MATCH
• PRECEDE PROCEED
• Strategic Rational PM

Question 11

Role of theories

Answer 11

• Theory of planned behaviour
• Social cognitive theory
• stages of change
• social marketing
• Diffusion of innovation