Key Concepts in Biology Flashcards
What components make up the animal cell?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Mitochondria and Cell membrane.
What components make up the plant cell?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
It is where all the genetic information is stored.
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance that controls chemical reactions.
What is the function of the Cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and it also controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
It is where respiration takes place.
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place.
What is the function of the cell wall?
It helps strengthen and support the cell. It is also made of cellulose.
What is the function of the Vacuole?
It contains cell sap and it maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
It is where photosynthesis takes place. It contains a substance called chlorophyll which the pigmentation to the plant.
State the different components of Bacteria.
Ribosomes, Cell membrane, plasmid DNA, Cytoplasm, Flagellum and chromosomal DNA.
What is the function of the Chromosomal DNA?
It is one long single chromosome that controls activities of the cell and it floats in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the Plasmid DNA?
They are small hoops of DNA that contains genes for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
What is the function of the Flagellum?
It is a long hair-like structure that rotates to help move the bacteria. This helps the bacteria move away from harmful substances.
State the different components of the sperm cell.
Middle piece (contains mitochondria) , haploid nucleus, tail and acrosome.
Explain the adaptations of the sperm cell.
It has a tail to help swim to the egg. it has lots of mitochondria in the middle piece to provide energy to swim the distance. It has acrosomes in front of the “head” where enzymes are stored to digest through the membrane of the egg cell. It has haploid nucleus.
State the different components of the egg cell.
Mitochondria, haploid nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.
Explain the adaptations of the egg cell.
It has many nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo. It has a haploid nucleus. Right after fertilisation the membrane changes structure to prevent another sperm cell entering.
What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?
Moving materials. They line the surfaces of organs
Explain the function of ciliated epithelial cells?
Hair-like structure on the top surface of the cell. The cilia beat to move substances in one direction, along the surface of the tissue.
What are catalysts?
A substance which increases the speed of reaction which being changed or being used up in the reaction.
What is a biological catalyst?
Enzyme
Explain the structure of an enzyme
- All enzymes have an active site specific to the substrate shape
- Where the substrate and the enzyme meet it catalyses a reaction
- the substrate fits into the enzyme like a lock and key