Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostatis Flashcards
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers sent in the blood.
How are hormone produced?
They are secreted by various glands called endocrine glands
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
- Produces many hormones that regulate body conditions
- These hormones act on other glands causing them to release hormones that bring about change
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
- Produces thyroxine
- Regulates rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
- Produces adrenaline
- Prepare the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response
What is the function of the ovaries?
- Produces oestrogen
- Involved in menstrual cycle
- female only
What is the function of the testes?
- Produces testosterone
- controls puberty and sperm production
- male only
What is the function of the pancreas?
- Produces insulin
- Regulate the blood glucose level
What are difference with hormone and neurones?
- Neurones = Very fast action, act for a very short time and act on a specific area.
- Hormones = Slower reaction, act for a long time and act in a more general way.
What does a negative response do in the body?
When the body detects the of a substance has gone above or below the normal level it triggers a response to bring the level back to normal again.
What happens in stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?
Day 1 to 4 is when menstruation starts and the uterus lining breaks down and is released.
What happens in stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?
Day 4 to Day 14 is when the uterus lining is repaired until it becomes a thick spongy layer of blood vessels to get ready for a fertilized egg to implant there.
What happens in stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?
Day 14 is when an egg develops and is released from the ovary.
What happens in stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?
For about 14 days (until day 28) the lining is maintained. If no fertilized egg has landed on the uterus walls by day 28, the spongy lining starts to break down again and the whole cycle starts over.
What does FSH stand for?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
What is the function of the FSH in the menstrual cycle?
- Released by pituitary gland
- Causes a follicle to mature in one of the ovaries which stimulates oestrogen production
What is the function of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?
- Released by ovaries
- Causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and grow
- A high level stimulates an LH surge (a rapid increase)