Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines Flashcards
How does WHO define health
the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
Communicable Disease meaning
Diseases that can be spread between individuals
Non-communicable Disease meaning
Diseases that can’t be spread between individuals
What does it mean to be susceptible to a disease
An increased chance of getting the disease
Describe the disease cholera
- Caused by a bacteria
- Symptoms - Diarrhoea
- Spread through contaminated water
- Prevent - drink and use safe water
Describe the disease tuberculosis
- Caused by a bacteria
- Symptoms - coughing and causes lung damage
- Spread through the air when infected people cough
- Prevent - Infected should avoid crowed public areas and practise goo hygiene
Describe the disease malaria
- Caused by a protist
- Symptoms - causes damage to red blood cells and to liver
- Mosquitoes they pass on the protist to humans by biting people
- Prevent - Use mosquito nets and insect repellent
Describe the disease stomach ulcers
- Caused by bacteria
- Symptoms - stomach pain, nausea and vomiting
- Spread by oral transmission such as swallowing contaminated water or food
- Prevent - Have clean water supplies and hygienic living conditions
Describe the disease ebola
- Caused by virus
- Symptoms - Haemorrhagic fever (fever with bleeding)
- Spread by bodily fluids
- Prevent - Isolating the infected and cleaning areas where the virus may be
Describe the disease salmonella
- Caused by bacteria in uncooked food
- Symptoms - abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
- Spread by uncooked food or unhygienic food
- Prevent - Cooking food fully
Describe the disease chalara ash dieback
- Caused by a fungus
- Symptoms - leaf loss and bark wounds
- Spread by through air
- Prevent - Removing infected ash trees
Explain the structure of a virus
- They aren’t cells
- Has genetic material inside a coat of protein
What are the two ways viruses can reproduce?
Lytic pathway and lysogenic pathway
What is the lytic pathway?
- Virus attaches to host cell and inject all its genetic material into the cell
- The virus used the materials, enzymes and proteins, to replicate its genetic material and produce viruses
- The components assemble
- The host cell burst open releasing the new viruses to infect more cells
What is the lysogenic pathway?
- Virus attaches to host cell and inject all its genetic material into the genome of the host cell
- The virus used the materials, enzymes and proteins, to replicate its genetic material
- No new virus are made
- The host cell divides but the virus is inactive
- When triggered the viral genetic material will leave the genome and enter the lytic pathway
Describe the disease HIV
- Kills white blood cells
- Will lead to AIDS
- Deteriorates a persons immune system and will eventually fail
- Can make people more susceptible to infections by other pathogens
- Passed by bodily fluids
Describe the disease chlamydia
- A bacterium
- Can only reproduce in a host cell
- It can cause infertility in men and women
- Can be reduced if you practise safe sex i.e. wearing condoms
- An infected person should avoid sexual contact