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Medicine Unit 7 > Key concepts: Fertilisation and implantation > Flashcards

Key concepts: Fertilisation and implantation Flashcards

1
Q

conditions associated

A

ectopic pregnancy
spontaneous aboriton

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2
Q

label the fallopian tube from proximal to distal in relation to the ovaries

A

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

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3
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

cells on the outside of the oocyte that were pulled away from the inside of the follicle when it burst

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4
Q

label an oocyte outside to inside

A

corona radiata
zona pellucida
cortical granules
nucleus
cytoplasm

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5
Q

oocyte ploidy

A

haploid

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6
Q

spermatozoa ploidy

A

haploid

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7
Q

corona radiata

A

outer layer of cumulus cells

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8
Q

zona pellucida

A

outer glycoprotein coat that surrounds the plasma membrane

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9
Q

cortical granules

A

enzyme packets within the cell

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10
Q

label sperm from head to tail

A

head containing the acrosome then nucleus
middle containing mitochondria in a spiral shape tail/ flagellum

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11
Q

tail/flagellum

A

propels sperm towards the egg

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12
Q

mitochondria in sperm

A

for energy

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13
Q

acrosome

A

contains enzymes in the head of the sperm

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14
Q

what are the 6 stages of fertilisation

A

sperm transport
sperm capacitation
sperm-oocyte interaction
sperm-oocyte fusion
completion of meiosis 2
zygote formation and implantation

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15
Q

3 stages of sperm transport

A

vaginal
cervix
uterus

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16
Q

vaginal sperm transport

A

where ejaculate is deposited
coagulates to form an alkaline loose gel
protects against the acidic environment of the vagina and immunological response

17
Q

cervix sperm transport

A

cervical mucus and high levels of oestrogen cause sperm to change microstructure of the mucus
allowing easy passage

18
Q

uterus sperm transport

A

uterine contractions to propel the sperm to the uterus

19
Q

sperm capacitation

A

epithelial interactions between the sperm ad uterine wall will destabilise the plasma membrane of the sperm
acrosomal reaction occurs

20
Q

what happens in the acrosomal reaction

A

glycoprotein coat covering the acrosome is removed
sperm plasma and acrosomal membrane will fuse
enzyme release from acrosome (across, hyaluronidase and hexosaminidase)
increase in CatSper channels on the flagellum
causing Ca2+ influx and sperm motility is hyper activated

21
Q

components of the sperm oocyte interactions

A

corona radiata
zona pellucida

22
Q

what occurs in the sperm interaction with the corona radiata

A

capacitated sperm pass through
hyaluronidase dissolves hyaluronic acid that cements the corona radiata cells

23
Q

what occurs in the sperm interaction with the zona pellucida

A

sperm penetrates here
due to the acorn released from acrosome
made up of 4 main glycoproteins ZP1,2,3,4
ZP3 proteins only binds to the receptors on the surface of human sperm

24
Q

sperm oocyte fusion

A

cortical reaction occurs
sperm fuses with the cell membrane of the oocyte
causes fast block to polyspermy: Na+ channels allow influx into cells, causes depolarisation, repels sperm
triggers SER to increase Ca2+ in the eggs cytosol
causes release of lysosomal enzymes in cortical granules
initiating the zona reaction, slow polyspermy block as cortical granules harden the oocyte membrane
release of hydrolytic enzymes further degrade the zona pellucida
stimulates exocytosis of cortical granules to harden oocyte membrane
impenetrable to further sper m

25
Q

completion of meiosis 2

A

oocyte completes meiosis 2
forms a definitive ovum and a polar body
polar body is degraded

26
Q

when is the zygote formed

A

when the pronucleus of ovum and sperm fuse

27
Q

zygote division

A

by mitosis in the fallopian tubes
morula, 16 cells day 3-4
blastocyst day 5
implantation then occurs day 7-8
blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining

28
Q

cleavage definition

A

cell division by mitosis in absence of cell growth
until the 16 cell stage

29
Q

how many cells in morula

A

16

30
Q

morula to blastocyst

A

when morula becomes leaky and fluid filled cavity
the zona pellucida disintegrates

blastocyst then swept by the cilia and contractions

31
Q

layers of the blastocyst

A

trophoblast
embryo blast

32
Q

inner cell mass

A

embryoblast
becomes the bilaminar disc

33
Q

outer cell mass

A

cytotrophoblast and synchiotrophoblast

34
Q

implantation

A

thickening of the endometrium
blastocyst rests on the endometrium
trophoblast extends finger like projections that burrow into the endometrium
implantation has occurred

Medicine Unit 7 (26 decks)

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