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Medicine Unit 7 > Anatomy of the placenta lecture > Flashcards

Anatomy of the placenta lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what is the placenta

A

complex temporary structure expressed during the third stage of labour
dualistic origin derived form both the mother and foetus
connection through umbilical cord, maternal and fetal blood do not mix
protects embryo and foetus exchange

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2
Q

fetal part of placenta

A

develops form chorion fondosum

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3
Q

maternal side of placenta

A

decidua basalis

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4
Q

which hormones does the placenta secrete

A

oestrogen and progesterone

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5
Q

gross anatomy of the mature placenta

A

flattened discoid organ
20cm diameter
2.5 cm thick at centre and thins out towards circumference
450-500g
fetal surface covered with amnion 9inner membrane)umbilical cord inserted
maternal surface B attached to decide, formed by approx 15-20 cotyledons separated by sulci

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6
Q

gross anatomy of mature membrane

A

basal and chorionic plates meet at edges
forms chorioamnion membranes where amniotic flus is contained

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7
Q

what is the chorioamnion composed of

A

chorion (outer)
amnion (inner)

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8
Q

what is the chorion derived from

A

trophoblast layer of blastocysts cells
opaque

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9
Q

amnion

A

translucent
connective tissue base
non-iliarted epithelial cells

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10
Q

gross anatomy of mature umbilical cord or funds

A

extends from fetal surface of placenta to umbilical areas of foetus
originates from duct between amniotic sac and rock sac
2 umbilical arteries which spiral around 1 umbilical vein in Whartons Jellu

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11
Q

what is Whartons jelly

A

mucoid connective tissue

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12
Q

what is in the image and label

A

umbilical cord

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13
Q

implantation

A
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14
Q

where is the placenta formed from

A

outer cell mass differentiating to trophoblast
forming placenta and membranes

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15
Q

extravillous trophoblasts of first trimester

A

highly invasive
form cell columns that extend from endometrium to the inner third of the myometrium

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16
Q

2 stages of placenta formation

A

prelacunar
lacunar

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17
Q

prelacunar

A

day 7
blastocyst makes contact with the decider and placentation begins

18
Q

lacunar

A

formation for lacunae which will become intervillous spaces
filled with maternal blood- basal plate

19
Q

what does the trophoblast lineage give rise to in the human placenta

A

syncytiotrophoblast
villous cut-trophoblast
extravillous trophoblast

20
Q

what does the syncytiotrophoblast form

A

forms epithelial covering of the villous tree
main endocrine component of the placenta

21
Q

waht does the villous cytotrophoblast form

A

represents germinative population that proliferate throughout pregnancy and fuse to generate the syncytiotrophoblast

22
Q

extravillous trophoblast cells

A

non-proliferative
invade the maternal endometrium

23
Q

cell shape of cytotrophoblast cells that form the mural and polar trophoblast

A

cuboidal
covered externally with syncytial trophoblast

24
Q

label the image

A
25
Q

label the image

A
26
Q

what does the chorionic plate consist of

A

Primitive mesenchymal tissue containing branches of umbilical vessels
Layer of cytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast
Stem villi connected to chorionic plate

27
Q

what does the basal plate consist of

A

Part of layer of decidua basalis
Degeneration of the outer Syncytiotrophoblast at the cytotrophoblast shell & decidua junction
Cytotrophoblast shell
Syncytiotrophoblast
acts as a reservoir for blood

28
Q

vasculature of the basal plate

A

spinal branches of the uterine vessels through which maternal blood flows into intervillous space

29
Q

what does the septum consist of

A

decimal elements covered by trophoblastic cells

30
Q

areas between septa

A

cotyledons
seen on maternal surface

31
Q

physiology of maternal placental circulation

A
32
Q

label the image of the placental villi

A
33
Q

short cord

A

traction and premature separation leading to insufficiency
abruption

34
Q

long cord

A

cord around neck
cord prolapse
true knot

35
Q

hyper and hypo-coiled cord

A

intrauterine growth restriction, fetal demise, associated with hypertensive disorders, placental abruption, maternal diabetes, polyhydramnios

36
Q

anomalous insertions of the cord

A

marginal/Battledore, velamentous bifurcate – retained placenta, vasa previa, fetal blood loss - anaemia

37
Q

vasa previa

A

anaemia, fetal demise

38
Q

incorrect placenta implantation

A

early miscarriage

39
Q

abnormal trophoblast invasion

A

placenta accreta, pre eclampsia, infarctions, abruption, pre-eclampsia,

40
Q

low lying placenta and placenta previa

A

lower segment caesarean section, Short cord- traction and premature separation leading to insufficiency- abruption

41
Q

Bi lobed/Succenturiate lobe placenta

A

vasa previa, post-partum hemorrhage and infection

Medicine Unit 7 (26 decks)

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