Child development Flashcards
what is child development
“Child development is a multifaceted, integral, and continual process of change in which children become able to handle ever more complex levels of moving, thinking, feeling, and relating to others’’
4 domains of child development
- Gross Motor
- Fine Motor and Vision
- Speech / Language
- Social
gross motor
Use of large muscle groups to achieve sitting, walking
Direction is head to toe
fine motor
use of small muscle groups in hands, fingers – small objects
language/communication
Ability to understand others – receptive
Express oneself – expressive
Verbal /non-verbal communication skills
social
Child’s interaction with family and others
range of normality
range of normality
why is the normality range important
Reassurance of Normality
Recognition of abnormal patterns of development
Specific (e.g. motor) or global delay
Isolated or syndromic
Organic or Social
Guide Patient and Family Education
when to assess normality
newborn normality checks
Check usually within 24 hours – physical examination – also checks for primitive reflexes
Opportunity for carers to ask questions
Opportunity to explore risk factors for illness and health promotion
neonatal reflexes
bonding
emotional connection that care feels towards baby
attachment bond
Bidirectional process between carer and baby
Caregivers are meeting their emotional and physical needs
Carer nurtures infant and infant’s behaviour response encourages care
Enables baby to feel safe
Security of attachment is foundation for emotional wellbeing
stages of attachment
secure attachment
attachment styles
Mary Ainsworth’s attachment theory
factors affecting attachment
Income
Family size
Parental age
Parental education
Major stressful events
Severe illness
Genetic differences
Early multiple caregivers
Neurological abnormalities
early steps to promote attachment bond
Skin to skin at birth
Breastfeeding
Support
Watching baby’s face when feeding
Talking/laughing with baby
Eye contact
Learning cues to tend to baby’s physical needs
insecure attachment
Occurs when carer regularly fails to meet baby’s needs
Babies develop anxious/ambivalent attachment patterns
More likely to be stressed
Less confident with relationships with peers
More likely to have emotional and behavioural problems
questions regarding attachment
key social and adaptive milestones
language development
Sensitive to infant’s environment
Speech production
Cognitive, social, oromotor process
Receptive ability before expressive
key milestones in language development
birth to 6 months normal development
6 to 12 months normal development
6 to 12 months normal development
12 to 18 months normal development
24-36 months normal development
3 to 5 years normal development
risk factors for abnormal development
red flags in development
