Child development Flashcards

1
Q

what is child development

A

“Child development is a multifaceted, integral, and continual process of change in which children become able to handle ever more complex levels of moving, thinking, feeling, and relating to others’’

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2
Q

4 domains of child development

A
  1. Gross Motor
  2. Fine Motor and Vision
  3. Speech / Language
  4. Social
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3
Q

gross motor

A

Use of large muscle groups to achieve sitting, walking
Direction is head to toe

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4
Q

fine motor

A

use of small muscle groups in hands, fingers – small objects

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5
Q

language/communication

A

Ability to understand others – receptive
Express oneself – expressive
Verbal /non-verbal communication skills

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6
Q

social

A

Child’s interaction with family and others

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7
Q

range of normality

A
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7
Q

range of normality

A
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8
Q

why is the normality range important

A

Reassurance of Normality

Recognition of abnormal patterns of development
Specific (e.g. motor) or global delay
Isolated or syndromic
Organic or Social

Guide Patient and Family Education

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9
Q

when to assess normality

A
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10
Q

newborn normality checks

A

Check usually within 24 hours – physical examination – also checks for primitive reflexes
Opportunity for carers to ask questions
Opportunity to explore risk factors for illness and health promotion

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11
Q

neonatal reflexes

A
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12
Q

bonding

A

emotional connection that care feels towards baby

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13
Q

attachment bond

A

Bidirectional process between carer and baby
Caregivers are meeting their emotional and physical needs
Carer nurtures infant and infant’s behaviour response encourages care
Enables baby to feel safe
Security of attachment is foundation for emotional wellbeing

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14
Q

stages of attachment

A
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15
Q

secure attachment

A
16
Q

attachment styles

A
17
Q

Mary Ainsworth’s attachment theory

A
18
Q

factors affecting attachment

A

Income
Family size
Parental age
Parental education
Major stressful events
Severe illness
Genetic differences
Early multiple caregivers
Neurological abnormalities

19
Q

early steps to promote attachment bond

A

Skin to skin at birth
Breastfeeding
Support
Watching baby’s face when feeding
Talking/laughing with baby
Eye contact
Learning cues to tend to baby’s physical needs

20
Q

insecure attachment

A

Occurs when carer regularly fails to meet baby’s needs

Babies develop anxious/ambivalent attachment patterns

More likely to be stressed

Less confident with relationships with peers

More likely to have emotional and behavioural problems

21
Q

questions regarding attachment

A
22
Q

key social and adaptive milestones

A
23
Q

language development

A

Sensitive to infant’s environment

Speech production
Cognitive, social, oromotor process
Receptive ability before expressive

24
Q

key milestones in language development

A
25
Q

birth to 6 months normal development

A
26
Q

6 to 12 months normal development

A
27
Q

6 to 12 months normal development

A
28
Q

12 to 18 months normal development

A
29
Q

24-36 months normal development

A
30
Q

3 to 5 years normal development

A
31
Q

risk factors for abnormal development

A
32
Q

red flags in development

A