key associations 3

Question 1

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Answer 1

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 2

Osteomyelitis

Answer 2

S aureus (most common overall)

Question 3

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Answer 3

Salmonella

Question 4

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Answer 4

Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus

Question 5

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Answer 5

Serous cystadenoma

Question 6

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Answer 6

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Question 7

Pancreatitis (acute)

Answer 7

Gallstones, alcohol

Question 8

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Answer 8

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Question 9

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 9

C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae

Question 10

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

Answer 10

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Question 11

Pituitary tumor

Answer 11

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma



Question 12

1° amenorrhea

Answer 12

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

Question 13

1° bone tumor (adults)

Answer 13

Multiple myeloma

Question 14

1° hyperaldosteronism

Answer 14

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Question 15

1° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 15

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Question 16

1° liver cancer

Answer 16

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

Question 17

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 17

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)

Question 18

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Answer 18

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Question 19

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

Answer 19

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

Question 20

Renal tumor

Answer 20

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin,
PTHrP, ACTH)

Question 21

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Answer 21

Cor pulmonale

Question 22

S3 heart sound 

Answer 22

^ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

Question 23

S4 heart sound

Answer 23

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Question 24

2° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 24

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Question 25

Sexually transmitted disease

Answer 25

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)

Question 26

SIADH

Answer 26

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 27

Site of diverticula

Answer 27

Sigmoid colon

Question 28

Sites of atherosclerosis

Answer 28

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Question 29

t(14;18)

Answer 29

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

Question 30

t(8;14)

Answer 30

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

Question 31

t(9;22)

Answer 31

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

Question 32

Temporal arteritis

Answer 32

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 33

Testicular tumor

Answer 33

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), ^placental ALP

Question 34

Thyroid cancer

Answer 34

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

Question 35

Tumor in women

Answer 35

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Question 36

Tumor of infancy

Answer 36

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Question 37

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Answer 37

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Question 38

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Answer 38

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Question 39

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 39

``` Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)  ```

Question 40

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 40

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Question 41

UTI

Answer 41

E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Question 42

Vertebral compression fracture

Answer 42

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Question 43

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Answer 43

HSV-1

Question 44

Vitamin deficiency (US)

Answer 44

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)