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2016 Rapid Review! > key associations 3 > Flashcards

key associations 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

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2
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S aureus (most common overall)

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3
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

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4
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus

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5
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

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6
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

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8
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

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9
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae

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10
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

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11
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma



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12
Q

1° amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

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13
Q

1° bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

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14
Q

1° hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

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15
Q

1° hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

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16
Q

1° liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

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17
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)

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18
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

19
Q

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

20
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin,
PTHrP, ACTH)

21
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

22
Q

S3 heart sound 

A

^ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

23
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

24
Q

2° hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

25
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)

26
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

28
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

29
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

30
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

31
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

32
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

33
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), ^placental ALP

34
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

35
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

36
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)

37
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

38
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

39
Q

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A 
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

40
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

41
Q

UTI

A

E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

42
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

43
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

44
Q

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

2016 Rapid Review! (14 decks)

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