key associations 3 Flashcards
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
S aureus (most common overall)
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

1° amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)
1° bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
1° hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
1° hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
1° liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
Pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin,
PTHrP, ACTH)
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
S3 heart sound
^ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
2° hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Sexually transmitted disease
C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), ^placental ALP
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) 
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
UTI
E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)