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2016 Rapid Review! > key associations 1 > Flashcards

key associations 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (^intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: adult 45–85

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

H pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S pneumoniae

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)

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15
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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17
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

Brain tumor (kids) Infratentorial:

A

medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

Breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

20
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

21
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

Fibroadenoma

22
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

24
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

25
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

26
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

27
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

28
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

35
Q

Cushing syndrome ƒ

A

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
ƒ Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ƒ ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

36
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

37
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

38
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy



39
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

40
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

41
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL (AML M3)

42
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

43
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

44
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

45
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

2016 Rapid Review! (14 decks)

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