key associations 1

Question 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Answer 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 2

Cushing ulcer (^intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

Question 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 4

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

Answer 4

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: adult 45–85

Question 5

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 5

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

Answer 7

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 8

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Answer 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 9

Aortic dissection

Answer 9

Hypertension

Question 10

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Answer 10

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Question 11

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 11

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

Question 12

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Answer 13

S pneumoniae

Question 14

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Answer 14

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)

Question 15

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

Answer 15

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

Question 16

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 16

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Question 17

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 17

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

Question 18

Brain tumor (kids) Infratentorial:

Answer 18

medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 19

Breast cancer

Answer 19

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 20

Breast mass

Answer 20

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 21

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

Answer 21

Fibroadenoma

Question 22

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

Answer 22

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 23

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 23

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

Question 24

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 24

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

Question 25

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 25

Chiari II malformation

Question 26

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 26

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Question 27

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 27

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 28

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 28

DES exposure in utero

Question 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 30

VSD

Question 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 32

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

Question 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Answer 33

LAD > RCA > circumflex

Question 34

Cretinism

Answer 34

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

Question 35

Cushing syndrome ƒ

Answer 35

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy) ƒ Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) ƒ ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Answer 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 37

Death in CML

Answer 37

Blast crisis

Question 38

Death in SLE

Answer 38

Lupus nephropathy | 

Question 39

Dementia

Answer 39

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

Question 40

Demyelinating disease in young women

Answer 40

Multiple sclerosis

Question 41

DIC

Answer 41

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL (AML M3)

Question 42

Diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 42

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Question 43

Ejection click

Answer 43

Aortic stenosis

Question 44

Esophageal cancer

Answer 44

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

Question 45

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Answer 45

S aureus, B cereus