classic labs/findings 1 Flashcards

1
Q

^AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/
p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3- ANCA/c-ANCA)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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13
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

17
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

21
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

22
Q

Branching gram ⊕ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

27
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

29
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene–>Žfat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

30
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts
affected)
32
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses tachycardia AV node)

33
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

34
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

35
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)