classic labs/findings 1 Flashcards

1
Q

^AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/
p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3- ANCA/c-ANCA)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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13
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

17
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

21
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

22
Q

Branching gram ⊕ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

25
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
26
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
"Chocolate cyst” of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
28
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
29
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene-->Žfat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
30
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
31
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
``` Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected) ```
32
“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses tachycardia AV node)
33
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
34
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
35
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)