key associations 2 Flashcards
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
Hematoma—epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
Hematoma—subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and ^risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
HLA-DR3
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease
HLA-DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Virchow triad
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis (^risk of thrombosis)
Hypertension, 2°
Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Hypopituitarism Pituitary
adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)
all catalase ⊕ organisms
Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs.
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, B cepacia, H pylori
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Kidney stones
-Calcium = radiopaque
-Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus)
-Uric acid = radiolucent
-Cystine = radiolucent
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
Metastases to liver
Colon»_space; stomach, pancreas
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
Nosocomial pneumonia
S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
