key associations 2

Question 1

Gastric cancer

Answer 1

Adenocarcinoma

Question 2

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Answer 2

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 3

Gynecologic malignancy

Answer 3

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Question 4

Heart murmur, congenital

Answer 4

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 5

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 5

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Question 6

Helminth infection (US)

Answer 6

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 7

Hematoma—epidural

Answer 7

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Question 8

Hematoma—subdural

Answer 8

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Question 9

Hemochromatosis

Answer 9

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and ^risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Question 10

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 10

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Question 11

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Answer 11

von Willebrand disease

Question 12

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Answer 12

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 13

HLA-B27

Answer 13

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)

Question 14

HLA-DR3

Answer 14

Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease

Question 15

HLA-DR4

Answer 15

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease

Question 16

Holosystolic murmur

Answer 16

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Question 17

Virchow triad

Answer 17

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis (^risk of thrombosis)

Question 18

Hypertension, 2°

Answer 18

Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism

Question 19

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 19

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Question 20

Hypopituitarism Pituitary

Answer 20

adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Question 21

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

Answer 21

Hepatitis C

Question 22

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 22

S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)

Question 23

all catalase ⊕ organisms

Answer 23

Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs.

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, B cepacia, H pylori

Question 24

Intellectual disability

Answer 24

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Question 25

Kidney stones

Answer 25

ƒ-Calcium = radiopaque ƒ-Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus) -Uric acid = radiolucent ƒ -Cystine = radiolucent

Question 26

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Answer 26

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Question 27

Liver disease

Answer 27

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 28

Lysosomal storage disease

Answer 28

Gaucher disease

Question 29

Male cancer

Answer 29

Prostatic carcinoma

Question 30

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Answer 30

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 31

Malignancy (kids)

Answer 31

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Question 32

Metastases to bone

Answer 32

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

Question 33

Metastases to brain

Answer 33

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

Question 34

Metastases to liver

Answer 34

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Question 35

Microcytic anemia

Answer 35

Iron deficiency

Question 36

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 36

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Question 37

Mitral valve stenosis

Answer 37

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 38

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Answer 38

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 39

Myocarditis

Answer 39

Coxsackie B

Question 40

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Answer 40

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 41

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Answer 41

Minimal change disease

Question 42

Neuron migration failure

Answer 42

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Question 43

Nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 43

S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods

Question 44

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Answer 44

BPH

Question 45

Opening snap

Answer 45

Mitral stenosis