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2016 Rapid Review! > classic labs/findings 3 > Flashcards

classic labs/findings 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

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2
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti–basement
membrane antibodies)

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3
Q

Needle-shaped, ⊝ birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

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4
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

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5
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus

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6
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

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7
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

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8
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: S pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (S mutans, S sanguis)

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9
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

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10
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

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11
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

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12
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Serous papillary thyroid carcinoma
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelioma

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13
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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14
Q

Raised periosteum (creating a “Codman triangle”)

A

Aggressive bone lesion (eg, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

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15
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

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17
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

WAS gene mutation; T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton. X-linked recessive

18
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (eg, ischemia or toxic injury)

19
Q

Rhomboid crystals, ⊕ birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

20
Q

Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

A

Coarctation of the aorta

21
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

22
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body–laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “starry sky” made up of malignant cells)

23
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons


A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

24
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

25
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

26
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

27
Q

“Steeple” sign on frontal CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

28
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

29
Q

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

Colon cancer

30
Q

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

31
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

32
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

33
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

34
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

35
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

36
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

37
Q

^uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

38
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

39
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

40
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

41
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

42
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)



2016 Rapid Review! (14 decks)

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