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Cfe - Higher Biology > Key Area 3.6 & 3.7 > Flashcards

Key Area 3.6 & 3.7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the benefits of social groups

A
  • Easier to catch food
  • Protection
  • Easier to find mates
  • More help raising young
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2
Q

Name 3 behaviour adaptations of living in a social group

A
  • Social hierachy
  • Co-op hunting
  • social mechanisms of defence
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3
Q

What is a social hierachy

A

System when members are organised into ranks resulting from aggressive behaviours between members of the group
e.g pecking order in tens

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4
Q

What are the advantages of a social hierachy

A

Improves species chances of survival because:
-Aggression between members ritualised
-Energy conserved
-Experienced leadership
-Most favourable genes passed on to next generation
-

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5
Q

What is altruistic behaviour

A

Unselfish behaviour which is detrimental to the donor and beneficial to receipient

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6
Q

What are the types of altruism

A

Recipricol altruism kin selection

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7
Q

What is recipricoy altruism and give on example

A

Animals give help to another with hope of the favour being returned in the future

E.g groaning to remove parasites in apes

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8
Q

What is kin selection

A

Individuals reduce their net lifetime production of offspring in order to help their relatives reproduce

E.g one mating bee, while others raise young

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9
Q

What is the benefit of kin selection

A

Ensures survival of genes

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10
Q

Give A examples of social insects

A

Ants
Termites
Bees
Wasps

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11
Q

What exists amongst social insect societes

A

Division of labour

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12
Q

What is the division of labour in social insect groups

A

Food gathering and defence by numerous sterile members

Reproduction carried out by few fertile memebers

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13
Q

What is a key stone species

A

Key stone species are species that play a critical roe in the structure of an ecosystem

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14
Q

What is an ecosystem service and give an example

A

Benefits to humans provided by natural ecosystem

E.g bees pollunating

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15
Q

Describe primates

A

Produce small number of offspring and have long periods of parental care

This allows for learning of complex social behaviours essential for surviving

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16
Q

How do primates reduce unnecessary conflict

A

Ritualistic display appeasement

17
Q

Why is appeasement used

A

Females and subordinate males use appeasement behaviour to show acceptance of dominant males

18
Q

Name another type of appeasement females use

A

Sexual presentation

19
Q

What is mass exctinction indicated by

A

Fossil evidence

20
Q

Why is biodiversity regained after a mass extinction

A

Less dominant lifeforms became dominant and reproduce evolve rapidly

21
Q

What absense or presence of an organism gives an idea at extinction rates

A

Mammals and birds

22
Q

What is ecosystem degredation

A

Destruction of natural habitats:

  • Chop down
  • Plough up
  • Pollute
23
Q

Why is measuring biodiversity important

A

It helps specialists decide what areas and species to help sustain

24
Q

3 types of biodiversity

Name and Describe

A

Genetic diversity:
-Number and frequency of alleles in a pop
Species diversity:
-The richness of species
-Relative abundance of each species
Ecosystem diversity:
-Number of ecosystem within a defined area

25
Q

What is a habitat island and example

A

Area of land isolated from other habitats

E.g park in a city centre

26
Q

What will happen to biodiversity as land area increase

A

Increases

27
Q

What happens when a small habitat is fragmented

A

Biodiversity drops quickly because there is less life to recover

28
Q

Benefits of bigger habitats

A
  • Find mates easier
  • More food
  • More shelter
29
Q

What are the advantages of co operative hunting

A
  • Minimise injury
  • Can tackle larger prey
  • All members of the group get a share of food
30
Q

What are the advantages of social mechanism of defence

A
  • many eyes to look out for predators
  • makes it harder for prey to pick out a target
  • defensive formation scare off predators

Cfe - Higher Biology (19 decks)

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