Key Area 3.4 & 3.5 Flashcards
What are the benefits of improved welfare
- Grow better
- breed more successfully
- better quality products
opposite for animals with poor welfare
Name the types of behavioural indicators that show poor welfare
- Stereotypy
- Misdirected behaviour
- Failure in sexual or parental behaviours
- Altered levels of activity
Describe stereotypy and when it is displayed
Give an example
Stereotypy is a behaviour pattern in the form of repetitive movements that lack variation
Displayed in animals in bare or confined spaces
Example:
Pigs chewing without food in their mouth
Ways to reduce stereotypy
- enrich habitat with features found in natural habitat
* increase living space
Describe misdirected behaviour and when it is displayed
Give an example
When normal behaviour is misdirected inappropriately to itself or other animals
Displayed in a animals that are confined or in isolation
Example:
Chicken pluck themselves bald
What effects does improved welfare have on costs
Improved standards of living is more expensive therefore more costly for human consumers
Ways to reduce misdirected behaviour
Enriching animals environment with:
- Companions
- Stimulating enclosure
- Sounds & scent found in animals natural habitat
Describe failure in sexual or potential behaviour
- Failure to reproduce (No babies)
- Abandoning of offspring
Why is failure in sexual or parental behaviour bad for farmers businesses
Animals need social interaction to develop into normal adults that are able to reproduce which could affect farmers businesses
What is ethology and what is it’s purpose
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour under natural conditions to get information to improve the environment of domesticated animals
What is the purpose of preference testing
To provide animals with controlled choices which indicate which conditions they prefer
What does a preference test compare
Motivation
e.g.
Food vs bedding
What is symbiosis
Co-evolved intimate relationship between members of two different species that live in direct contact with each other
Name the types of symbiosis
Paratism
Mutalism
Explain paratism
In paratism, the parasite gets its nutrients from its host it which it exploits
Exploits for its nutrients and the host is damaged
Why can’t parasites live outside their host
They have a limited metabolism
E.g tape worms digestive system
Describe the ways parasites could be transmitted
Direct contact
Release of resistant stages
Use of vectors
Describe release of resistant stage
Able to survive adverse conditions until they come into contact with host
E.g larvae
How to differenciate between secondary & primary host
Primary = sexual reproduction
Secondary = remaining life cycle
What is mutialism
Relationship where both organisms benefit
Name the 3 types of mutualism
- Both provide service
- One provides service other receives resource
- Both receive resource
Where did mitochondria & chloroplasts evolve from
Different prokayotic cells that became residents in larger aerobic cells
How did the smaller cells that became mitochondria or chloroplast benefit from this evolution
Gained security
How did the larger cells benefit
Both improved energy and foot from photosynthesis
