Key Area 3.4 & 3.5

Question 1

What are the benefits of improved welfare

Answer 1

• Grow better
• breed more successfully
• better quality products

opposite for animals with poor welfare

Question 2

Name the types of behavioural indicators that show poor welfare

Answer 2

• Stereotypy
• Misdirected behaviour
• Failure in sexual or parental behaviours
• Altered levels of activity

Question 3

Describe stereotypy and when it is displayed

Give an example

Answer 3

Stereotypy is a behaviour pattern in the form of repetitive movements that lack variation

Displayed in animals in bare or confined spaces

Example:
Pigs chewing without food in their mouth

Question 4

Ways to reduce stereotypy

Answer 4

• enrich habitat with features found in natural habitat

* increase living space

Question 5

Describe misdirected behaviour and when it is displayed

Give an example

Answer 5

When normal behaviour is misdirected inappropriately to itself or other animals

Displayed in a animals that are confined or in isolation

Example:

Chicken pluck themselves bald

Question 6

What effects does improved welfare have on costs

Answer 6

Improved standards of living is more expensive therefore more costly for human consumers

Question 7

Ways to reduce misdirected behaviour

Answer 7

Enriching animals environment with:

• Companions
• Stimulating enclosure
• Sounds & scent found in animals natural habitat

Question 8

Describe failure in sexual or potential behaviour

Answer 8

• Failure to reproduce (No babies)

- Abandoning of offspring

Question 9

Why is failure in sexual or parental behaviour bad for farmers businesses

Answer 9

Animals need social interaction to develop into normal adults that are able to reproduce which could affect farmers businesses

Question 10

What is ethology and what is it’s purpose

Answer 10

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour under natural conditions to get information to improve the environment of domesticated animals

Question 11

What is the purpose of preference testing

Answer 11

To provide animals with controlled choices which indicate which conditions they prefer

Question 12

What does a preference test compare

Answer 12

Motivation

e.g.
Food vs bedding

Question 13

What is symbiosis

Answer 13

Co-evolved intimate relationship between members of two different species that live in direct contact with each other

Question 14

Name the types of symbiosis

Answer 14

Paratism

Mutalism

Question 15

Explain paratism

Answer 15

In paratism, the parasite gets its nutrients from its host it which it exploits

Exploits for its nutrients and the host is damaged

Question 16

Why can’t parasites live outside their host

Answer 16

They have a limited metabolism

E.g tape worms digestive system

Question 17

Describe the ways parasites could be transmitted

Answer 17

Direct contact

Release of resistant stages

Use of vectors

Question 18

Describe release of resistant stage

Answer 18

Able to survive adverse conditions until they come into contact with host

E.g larvae

Question 19

How to differenciate between secondary & primary host

Answer 19

Primary = sexual reproduction

Secondary = remaining life cycle

Question 20

What is mutialism

Answer 20

Relationship where both organisms benefit

Question 21

Name the 3 types of mutualism

Answer 21

• Both provide service
• One provides service other receives resource
• Both receive resource

Question 22

Where did mitochondria & chloroplasts evolve from

Answer 22

Different prokayotic cells that became residents in larger aerobic cells

Question 23

How did the smaller cells that became mitochondria or chloroplast benefit from this evolution

Answer 23

Gained security

Question 24

How did the larger cells benefit

Answer 24

Both improved energy and foot from photosynthesis