Key area 2.3 Flashcards
How can metabolic rate be measured
- oxygen consumption per unit of time
- CO2 production per unit of time
- Energy production per unit of time
Name and describe the equipments used to measure metabolic rate
Respirometer: measure the amount of Oxygen uptake by an organism
Calorimeter: measure the heat generated by an organism
Finish this sentence..
High metabolic rate require….
Efficient delivery of oxygen to cells
Name the 3 types of circulatory systems
- single circulatory system
- incomplete double circulatory system
- console circulatory system
What circulatory system do each of these animals have?
Fish Amphibian Reptile Mammal Bird
Fish = single Amphibian = incomplete double Reptile = incomplete double Mammal = double Bird = double
Describe the structure of a fish heart
- 2 chambers (1 atrium and 1)
- blood passes through the heart once for each circuit of the body
- flows out the heart to the gills at high pressure
- goes to gills to capillaries and back to heart at low pressure
Describe the structure of a amphibian or reptile heart
And why is it inefficient
3 chambers (1 ventricle, 2 atriums
Inefficient because there is mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in ventricle so inefficient
Why is there little mixing of blood in reptiles hearts compared to amphibians
The ventricle is partially split by a septum
Why is the major mixing of blood in amphibians not a big problem
Returning blood has been partially oxygenated through moist skin
Describe the circulatory system of a bird or mammal
4 chambers (2 ventricles, 2 atriums)
Blood is pumped at high pressure to the lungs and then to capillary beds
Then low pressure back to the heart
Which type of heart is considered the most efficient
Complete circulatory system
Describe an amphibious lungs
Amphibians have small lungs:
- very thin walled sacs
- no alveoli
- smaller area for gas exchange
Have lungs but don’t use them unless in vigorous activity. They exchange gasses through their skin and mouth cavities instead
Describe reptiles lungs
- split into many small alveoli sacs so more area for gas exchange
- inner lining is thin and moist for more efficient gas exchange
Describe mammals lungs
Similar to reptiles but more alveoli
Gas exchange happen rapidly because:
- many alveoli
- dense beds of capillaries
Name 2 low oxygen niches
High altitudes
Deep-diving marine
