Key area 2.2 Flashcards
Basic word equation for respiration
Glucose + Oxygen = ATP + CO2 + H2O
Structural difference between ATP and ADP
ATP = 3 phosphate groups
ADP = 2 phosphate groups
What process can ATP carry out
Phosphorolation
Word eqn for phosporolation
ADP + Pi = ATP
3 stages of respiration
- Glycolisis
- Citric acid cycle
- The electron transport chain
Which stages require oxygen and which don’t
Glycdisis = Does not CAC = Does ETC = Does
Where does glycolisis take place
Cyctoplasm
Word equation for glycolisis
do on paper
Why can the first stage of respiration be described as the energy investment stage
2ATP must be added in to gain 4ATP
Where does the CAC take place
Matrix/Central cavity of mitochondria
Hydrogen carriers in the CAC
FAD
NAD
What does acetyl group combine with and name the molecule that is formed
Acetyl + Co enzyme A - Acetyle Co enzyme A
What combines with acetyl Co -A to form citrate
Ocaloacetate
Draw the CAC
do on paper
Where does the ETC occour
Inner membrane
Where do the hydrogen HEE for the ETC come from
Glycolisis
CAC
Name the final hydrogen electron acceptor
Oxygen
Which stage in cell respiration involve a chain of protein carrier molecules
ETC
What is the function of ATP synthase
Enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of ATP
Name two other respiratory substrates apart from glucose
Proteins and fats
State when fats and proteins can be used as respiratory substrates
Fats = intermediates and glycolisis and CAC
Proteins = Amino acid used as intermediates an glycolisis and CAC
What is the purpose of the enzyme dehydrogenase
Removes hydrogen ions or electrons from substrate and causes NAD to NADH
Why are respiration pathways essential to the survival of cells
Provide energy metabollic pathways require
what is the energy source for ETC
HEE
Describe pyruvate preparation
Pyruvate gets broken down into acetyl Co-A and CO2 is released as a waste product
Describe the ETC
- series of protein in the inner membrane
- all the hydrogen ions and electrons that are carried by NAD and FAD are passed to ETC
- the HEE electrons move down the ETC releasing energy which is used to pump H ions across the membrane
- the flow of H ions rotates ATP synthase which synthesizes ATP
- oxygen is the final electron acceptor which combines with H and electrons to form water
What is the final yield of ATP in respiration
38
What is the function of dehydrogenase
The enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and passes them to hydrogen carriers (NAD & FAD)
