Key Area 2.5

Question 1

Name 3 types of adaptions organisms use to survive adverse conditions

Answer 1

Hibernation
Aestivation
Daily torpor

Question 2

Name and describe the types of dormancy

Answer 2

Predictive dormancy - where dormancy is entered before the onset of adverse conditions

Consequential dormancy -where dormancy is entered after the onset of adverse conditions

Question 3

Describe hibernation

Answer 3

1) long period of inactivity
2) it allows MAMMALS to survive winter period by reducing metabolic rate and save energy
3) there is a decrease in body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate

Question 4

Describe aestivation

Answer 4

1) allows survival in high temperatures or drought

2) creatures normal bury underground where temperatures are cool. This reduces metabolic rate and saves energy

Question 5

Describe daily torpor

Answer 5

1) a short part of the day of inactivity for animals with high metabolic rates
2) allows animals to survive by reducing metabolic rate and saving energy
3) there is a decrease in heart and breathing rate

Question 6

How does dormancy allow animals to survive adverse conditions

Answer 6

It reduces metabolic rate which saves energy and allows for survival

Question 7

What is migration

Answer 7

The long distance movement of individuals of a seasonal basis.

Enables animals to avoid adversity by temperature or lack of food

Question 8

What is the advantage and disadvantage of migration

Answer 8

Advantage:
Allow to relocate to a suitable environment

Disadvantage:
The energy to relocate is very high

Overall disadvantage in the short term but advantage in the long term

Question 9

Name and describe What influences migratory behaviour

Answer 9

Innate behaviour:
Inherited from parent (biggest influence)

Learned behaviour:
Gained from experience

Question 10

What may trigger migration

Answer 10

External triggers such as:

Day length
Local climate
Availability of food

Question 11

How can migration be tracked

Answer 11

Marking animals
Tagging
Transmitter with signals

Question 12

What is an extremophile

Answer 12

Organisms that live under extreme conditions that most life forms are unable to tolerate

Question 13

How are extremophile safe able to survive extreme conditions

Answer 13

They’re enzymes are extremely tolerant

Question 14

Name 2 types of extremophile sand their environment

Answer 14

Thermophiles - hit environments

Alkaliphiles - alkaline environments

Question 15

Explain how thermophiles can be used by scientists

Answer 15

Can extracted their heat tolerant enzymes and use them in PCR