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MS2 Unit 1 Reedy's cards > Kaplan/First Aid Pharm > Flashcards

Kaplan/First Aid Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

bleomycin is cell-cycle specific to which phase (S/G2/M/G1/G0)

A

G2

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2
Q

vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel are cell-cycle specific to which phase (S/G2/M/G1/G0)

A

M

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3
Q

cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, irinotecan, etoposide are cell-cycle specific to which phase (S/G2/M/G1/G0)

A

S

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4
Q

alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, procarbazine), antitumor antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), nitrosoureas (lomustine, carmustine) are cell-cycle specific to which phase (S/G2/M/G1/G0)

A

SYKE they are non cell cycle specific

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5
Q

log-kill hypothesis of cancer drugs: cytotoxic actions of anticancer drugs kill a fixed (number/percentage) of tumor cells

A

PERCENTAGE (one rationale for drug combinations)

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6
Q

drugs that are cell cycle specific are more effective in tumors with (high/low) growth fraction

A

high (leukemias, lymphomas)

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7
Q

drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific are more effective in tumors with (high/low) growth fraction

A

can be used for either

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8
Q

used to relieve hemorrhagic cystitis side effect from cyclophosphamide: (amifostine/mesna/leucovorin)

A

mesna

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9
Q

used to relieve nephrotoxicity side effect from cisplatin: (amifostine/mesna/leucovorin)

A

amifostine

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10
Q

used to relieve bone marrow suppression side effect from methotrexate: (amifostine/mesna/leucovorin)

A

leucovorin

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11
Q

used to relieve delayed CHF side effect from doxorubicin: (amifostine/mesna/dexrazoxane/leucovorin)

A

dexrazoxane

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12
Q

dose-limiting toxicity for cisplatin, methotrexate: (pulmonary/renal/neuro/cardiac/immunosuppressive)

A

renal

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13
Q

dose-limiting toxicity for bleomycin, procarbazine: (pulmonary/renal/neuro/cardiac/immunosuppressive)

A

pulmonary

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14
Q

dose-limiting toxicity for doxorubicin, daunorubicin: (pulmonary/renal/neuro/cardiac/immunosuppressive)

A

cardiac

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15
Q

dose-limiting toxicity for vincristine, cisplatin: (pulmonary/renal/neuro/cardiac/immunosuppressive)

A

neuro

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16
Q

dose-limiting toxicity for cyclophosphamide, methotrexate: (pulmonary/renal/neuro/cardiac/immunosuppressive)

A

immunosuppressive

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17
Q

dose limiting side effect for cyclophosphamide other than immunosuppression that can be relieved by mesna

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

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18
Q

dose limiting side effect for procarbazine that is a real bummer

A

leukemia

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19
Q

(cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/procarbazine/doxorubicin): alkylating agent that attacks guanine N7–dysfunctional DNA

A

cyclophosphamide

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20
Q

(cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/procarbazine/doxorubicin): alkylating agent–cross links DNA strands

A

cisplatin

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21
Q

(cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/procarbazine/doxorubicin): intercalator, forms free radicals, inhibits topoisomerase

A

doxorubicin

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22
Q

(cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/procarbazine/doxorubicin): alkylating agent for treatment of Hodgkin

A

procarbazine

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23
Q

(methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and Capecitabine/6-mercaptopurine/bleomycin): antimetabolite–inhibits DHF reductase

A

methotrexate

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24
Q

(methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and Capecitabine/6-mercaptopurine/bleomycin): pyrimidine antimetabolite, bioactivated to inhibit thymidylate synthetase

A

5-fluorouracil and capecitabine (oral)

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25
(methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and Capecitabine/6-mercaptopurine/bleomycin): purine antimetabolite, bioactivated by HGPR transferase
6-mercaptopurine
26
(methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and Capecitabine/6-mercaptopurine/bleomycin): complexes with Fe and O2, DNA strand scission
bleomycin
27
(vinblastine and vincristine/all-trans retinoic acid ATRA): decreases microtubular polymerization--spindle poisons
vinblastine and vincristine
28
(vinblastine and vincristine/all-trans retinoic acid ATRA): differentiating agent, promotes differentiation of promyelocytes
ATRA
29
thymineless death of neoplastic cells accomplished by bioactivation of (methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and Capecitabine/6-mercaptopurine/bleomycin) to inhibit thymidylate synthetase
5-fluorouracil
30
(methotrexate/glucocorticoids): cytotoxic to lymphocytes
methotrexate
31
(methotrexate/glucocorticoid): inhibits mitosis in lymphocytes
glucocorticoids
32
side effects of (methotrexate/glucocorticoids): ACTH suppression, cushingoid state, osteoporosis, GI distress, glaucoma
glucocorticoids
33
(methotrexate/glucocorticoids) side effects: hematotoxicity
methotrexate
34
NSAIDs are used to (slow disease/alleviate pain and swelling) in rheumatoid arthritis
alleviate pain and swelling
35
what are DMARDs
disease modifying antirheumatic drugs--used to slow disease progress in rheumatoid arthritis
36
(allopurinol/febuxostat/pegloticase/probenecid): inhibits xanthine oxidase to treat chronic gout (2)
allopurinol and febuxostat
37
(allopurinol/febuxostat/pegloticase/probenecid): recombinant uricase that catalayzes metabolism of uric acid to allatonin (a more water soluble product) for the treatment of chronic gout
pegloticase
38
(allopurinol/febuxostat/pegloticase/probenecid): inhibits resorption of uric acid in proximal convoluted tubule for treatment of chronic gout
probenecid
39
naproxen and indomethacin are what type of drugs? for what ailment?
NSAIDs for treatment of acute gout
40
(naproxen/indomethacin/glucocorticoids/colchicine): inhibit mitosis in lymphocytes
glucocorticoids
41
(naproxen/indomethacin/glucocorticoids/colchicine): binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit microtubule polyermization, impairing neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation
colchicine
42
(naproxen/indomethacin/glucocorticoids/colchicine): GI side effects
colchicine
43
what type of drug for acute gout predisposes to infection, including reactivation of latent TB
TNFa inhibitors (because TNF is important in granuloma formation and stabilization)
44
(etanercept/infliximab and adalimumab): fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA
etanercept (etanerCEPT is a TNF decoy reCEPTor)
45
(etanercept/infliximab and adalimumab): anti-TNF a monoclonal antibody
infliximab and adalimumab
46
etanercept used to treat:
RA (also psoraisis, ankylosing spondylitis)
47
GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion; antagonist when continuous
leuprolide (LEUprolide can be used in LIEU of GnRH)
48
clinical use of leuprolide when used in pulsatile fashion
infertility
49
clinical use of leuprolide when used in continuous fashion (3)
prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty
50
clomiphene and tamoxifen drug class
selective estrogen receptor modulators
51
(clomiphene/tamoxifen): antagonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus. Prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases the release of FSH and LH from pituitary
clomiphene. stimulates ovulation
52
(clomiphene/tamoxifen): antagonist at breast but agonist in bone and uterus. Increases risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer
tamoxifen. used to treat and prevent recurrence of ER/PR+ breast cancer
53
why add progesterone to hormone replacement therapy for treatment of menopause symptoms/osteoporosis
unopposed estrogen therapy increases risk of endometrial cancer, so progesterone is added
54
(tamoxifen/clomiphene/leuprolide/anastrozole/exemestane): aromatase inhibitors used in postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer (2)
anastrozole and exemestane
55
progestins (increase/decrease) vascularization of endometrium
increase
56
progestins (increase/decrease) growth of endometrium
decrease
57
what type of cancer would you use progestins to treat
endometrial
58
mifepristone is a competitive inhibitor of (estrogens/progestins) at their receptors
progestins
59
OCPs (stimulate/inhibit) LH/FSH and thus prevent estrogen surge
inhibit
60
no estrogen surge --> no (LH/FSH) surge --> no ovulation
LH
61
flutamide: a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at ______ receptors
androgen (used for prostate carcinoma)
62
sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil: (stimulate/inhibit) PDE-5 to increase cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum, increase blood flow, penile erection
inhibit (sildenaFIL, vardenaFIL, tadalaFIL FILL the penis)
63
sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil toxicities (4)
Hot and sweaty, Headache, Heartburn, Hypotension (HHHH)
64
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "mab" stem means?
Monoclonal AntiBody
65
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "ib" stem means?
small molecule inhIBitors
66
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "tinib" substem
tyrosine kinase inhibitor (eg imatinib)
67
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "parib" substem
PARP inhibitor (eg Olaparib)
68
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "zomib" substem means?
proteasome inhibitor (eg bortezomib)
69
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "tu" substem
tumor
70
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "ci" substem"
circulator system
71
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "li" substem
immune system
72
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "ximab" means?
chimeric mouse and human (rituximab)
73
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "zumab" means?
humanized mouse (bevacizumab)
74
Nomenclature format: prefix-substem-stem. "mumab" means?
fully human (ipilimumab)

MS2 Unit 1 Reedy's cards (9 decks)

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