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MS2 Unit 1 Reedy's cards > CBL > Flashcards

CBL Flashcards

1
Q

volume of blood needed to sensitize (aka create antibody ) mother to fetal blood

A

1/10th cc

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2
Q

what does misoprostol do

A

induces labor by inducing uterine contractions, cervical ripening (breaks S-S bonds, driving water into cervix)

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3
Q

why does the fibroid increase risk of hemorrhage and uterine atony

A

because there is something in the uterus so it doesn’t contract as well

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4
Q

average blood loss in a c section

A

1000 cc

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5
Q

posterior c section incision on an obese woman is (a great option/impossible)

A

impossible

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6
Q

blood flow per minute through uterus

A

500 cc/min

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7
Q

why was it bad for the uterus to contract during the EXIT procedure/aka why did they want deep uterine relaxation

A

contraction would compromise placental-utero blood flow (and cut off oxygen supply to baby)

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8
Q

risk of infection is (higher/lower) in obese patients

A

higher

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9
Q

risk of blood clotting is (higher/lower) in obese patients

A

higher

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10
Q

pregnancy is a hypercoaguable state. why?

A

so you don’t bleed to death when you deliver

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11
Q

in this case, the woman was operated on in (an ideal/a less than ideal) position

A

less than ideal due to obesity

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12
Q

why did the patient wear compression stockings

A

MCC maternal death: hemorrhage, DVT and Pulm Embolus, hypertension

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13
Q

c section incision is __cm below fundus no matter the anatomic landmarks like umbilicus location

A

24cm

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14
Q

why is it important to counsel the patient in this scenario

A

bc the baby could die

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15
Q

hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) aka erythroblastosis fetalis is (autoimmune/alloimmune)

A

alloimmune

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16
Q

HDN due to materal (IgG/IgM)

A

IgG

17
Q

HDN: reticulocytosis and anemia caused by:

A

hemolysis of fetal RBCs due to attack by mom’s IgG

18
Q

when to screen for Rh compatibility (two times minimum)

A

28 weeks and delivery

19
Q

fetal death can occur in HDN from:

A

hydrops fetalis heart failure from heart overworking to compensate for the anemia

20
Q

hemolysis in HDN leads to (increased/decreased) bilirubin

A

increased

21
Q

increased bilirubin in HDN leads to what presentation

A

jaundice

22
Q

what is kernicterus

A

bilirubin induced brain dysfunction (can happen in HDN)

23
Q

these are all signs of ___: high output heart failure, pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, swelling, respiratory distress, petechiae, purpura

A

HDN

24
Q

reasons why mother might become sensitized toward an antigen:

A

fetal-maternal hemorrhage, mother had Rh+ blood transfusion, Rh+ stem cell transplant, Rh+ needle stick

25
Q

test for HDN in baby: (indirect/direct) Coombs test

A

direct, as well as increased reticulocytes and erythroblasts

26
Q

test for HDN in mom: (indirect/direct) Coombs test

A

indirect

27
Q

why give Rh immunoglobulin

A

it binds fetal RBCs with D antigen (most common antigen) before mother is able to produce an immune response and form anti-D IgG

28
Q

HDN develops when (mom is Rh - and baby is Rh +/mom is Rh+ and baby is Rh-)

A

mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+

29
Q

PCOS: increased (estrogens/androgens/both)

A

both (estrogens: primarily estrones from peripheral aromatization of adrenal androgens in the granulosa cell)

30
Q

PCOS: hyperinsulinemia leads to decreased hepatic synthesis of steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein which (increases/decreases) free androgens, estrogens, and IGF-1

A

increases

31
Q

PCOS: increased IGF-1 and increased insulin leads to stimulation of the IGF-1 receptor which leads to (increased/decreased) thecal androgen production in response to LH

A

increased thecal androgen production in response to LH which leads to hyperandrogenic state

32
Q

PCOS: hyperandrogenic state leads to atresia of developing follicles which disrupts feedback that would result in what process?

A

selection of a dominant follicle for ovulation (hence: anovulation)

33
Q

PCOS: anovulation leads to amenorrhea and (androgen/estrogen) induced endometrial hyperplasia with breakthrough bleeding

A

estrogen induced (can also lead to development of endometrial cancer)

34
Q

PCOS: increased (androgens/estrogens) in blood: hirsutism

A

androgens

35
Q

structural changes in ovaries are secondary to disordered feedback. how do we know this

A

because patients with high androgens from other causes also display amenorrhea

MS2 Unit 1 Reedy's cards (9 decks)

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