Kap 9: Gruppeprocesser; Påvirkning i sociale grupper Flashcards
- Which of the following is an example of a group?
a. Four people standing in a queue at a Starbucks store to order a coffee.
b. A three-person work team collaborating on an academic project.
c. Seven commuters waiting together silently at a subway station.
d. Four people sitting at individual tables waiting their food orders to arrive.
b
- Which of the following is a common reason for people to join groups?
a. To increase the chances of receiving help from their classmates.
b. To stop feeling lonely.
c. To get a sense of social identity.
d. All of the above.
d
- Group cohesiveness is particularly important for a group when
a. the group has formed for primarily social reasons.
b. the group’s primary objective is problem solving.
c. the group is diverse in terms of gender but not when it is diverse in terms of race.
d. financial decision making is involved.
a
- From an evolutionary perspective, groups
a. are more productive when they have two or three members as opposed to when they are larger.
b. help fulfill a basic human need to affiliate and belong with others.
c. often lead to immoral behavior, such as that observed among abusive prison guards.
d. are better able than individuals to avoid the influence of social norms.
b
Richard needs a team of highly goal-oriented individuals for a short-term project. The members would
be required to work closely with each other and solve issues relating to a new product being launched by
the company. Can cohesiveness between the team members interfere in the optimal performance of the
team?
a. No, a group is formed mainly for social reasons and cohesiveness is an essential element of any group.
b. Yes, if maintaining good relations between group members becomes more important than finding
solutions to problems.
c. Yes, a good team is one that remains focused on routine tasks rather than being cohesive.
d. No, a group that is high on cohesiveness ensures effective decisions by its members.
b
- The concept of social facilitation is so named because of the idea that when the presence of others is
arousing,
a. this arousal facilitates better task performance.
b. this arousal facilitates a well-learned, dominant response.
c. hard tasks are facilitated, but easy tasks are impeded.
d. deindividuation is facilitated.
b
- Which of the following is not an explanation for why the presence of other people can be arousing?
a. The presence of other people is distracting and causes conflict, as individuals have to decide what they
should pay attention to.
b. When other people are around, an individual has to be on alert in anticipation of what might happen
next.
c. When other people are around, individuals become more concerned about how they are being
evaluated.
d. Having other people around makes an individual feel less accountable for his or her own actions.
d
- Based on the models of social facilitation and social loafing, which of the following strategies should
lead to a better performance in an examination?
a. Studying unfamiliar materials alone.
b. Studying unfamiliar materials with your classmates.
c. Reviewing your studied materials alone.
d. Doing a practice test alone.
a
- Women are less likely to engage in social loafing compared to men because they tend to
a. be lower in relational interdependence.
b. have no relational interdependence.
c. be higher in relational interdependence.
d. know that people will notice them.
c
Jessica is a researcher who is interested in studying the impact of deindividuation on helping behavior.
She performs a lab experiment where some of the participants are asked to enter a room with some other
participants, while others entered the room alone. Furthermore, one half of all these participants were
asked for their names, while the other half were not. After the study is complete, the participants were
asked if they could spare five more minutes to help another researcher with a short survey. Based on the
effects of deindividuation, which you learned in this section, in what conditions would you expect the
participants to be least likely to help?
a. When they entered the lab alone and were asked for their names.
b. When they entered the lab alone and were not asked for their names.
c. When they entered the lab with others and were asked for their names.
d. When they entered the lab with others and were not asked for their names.
d
- Which of the following is not an example of process loss?
a. Transactive memory
b. Group polarization
c. Failure to share uniquely held information
d. Groupthink
a
- One step that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of groupthink is
a. putting in place a strong, directive group leader.
b. taking group votes aloud rather than relying on secret ballot or other anonymous methods.
c. creating subgroups that meet on their own first before reconvening and sharing the content of their
discussions with the group at large.
d. emphasizing the importance of being unanimous.
c
- Which of the following statements explain why group polarization occurs?
a. If the decision represents a cherished group value, individuals want to appear to have that valued trait
by being more extreme than their initial tendency.
b. When everyone shares their unique knowledge in the group, people get exposed to new ideas in favor
of their original position, which further strengthens this position.
c. Once you arrive at a decision, you want to believe it is the right one by appearing to have a more
extreme opinion than that of the other person.
d. All of the above.
d
- Research on personality type and leadership indicates that
a. the great person theory is the best explanation for leadership success.
b. people of all different personality types can become successful leaders.
c. the most successful U.S. presidents (as rated by historians) tended to share major personality traits, such
as extraversion, openness to new experience, and empathy.
d. most successful leaders embrace agentic traits but avoid communal traits.
b
- Mike tells his subordinates at work, “For the upcoming season, we are aiming for a 50% increase in our
sales. If we meet this goal, all of us will get a higher end-of-year bonuses; or else, we will all be penalized.”
Mike is most likely to be a _______ leader.
a. transformational
b. transactional
c. task-oriented
d. relationship-oriented
b
