Kap 5: Selvet: Forståelsen af os selv i en social kontekst Flashcards
1
Q
1. Which of the following is least likely to pass the “mirror” test suggesting they have at least a rudimentary self-concept? a. An orangutan b. A chimpanzee c. A 12-month-old human infant d. A 3-year-old human child
A
c
2
Q
- When thinking about other people, which of the following will we see as most central to their selfconcept?
a. Their morals
b. Their preferences and attitudes
c. Their physical attributes
d. Their memories
A
a
3
Q
- When asked to complete sentences beginning with “I am. . .”, people with an independent view of the
self tend to focus more on __________________, whereas people with an interdependent view of the self are
more likely to refer to __________________.
a. social relationships; personal values
b. concrete values; abstract values
c. social relationships; personal values
d. personal values; social relationships
A
d
4
Q
- Jessica described herself with a list of statements such as “I am a daughter,” “I am quiet when I am with
my colleagues,” and “When I am the assistant director of X company, I would try to do my best always.”
Jessica is most likely a person from an __________________ culture.
a. Independent
b. Interdependent
c. International
d. Interrelated
A
b
5
Q
- When people focus attention on themselves, they
a. evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values.
b. are less likely to drink alcohol or engage in binge eating.
c. are less likely to follow their moral standards.
d. almost always like what they see about themselves.
A
a
6
Q
- Based on research in social psychology, which of the following is true about understanding our
emotions?
a. One must always know what leads to his/her emotional arousal.
b. One should first decide what emotion he/she wants to experience before their physiological reaction
kicks in.
c. Other people can arbitrarily change our emotional experience by changing our perception.
d. None of the above.
A
c
7
Q
- Marie’s parents always ask her to “put on a happy face” even when she is not happy. According to the
self-perception theory, what effect will this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?
a. It backfires and makes Marie more unhappy.
b. It works—acting as if she is happy eventually makes Marie feel happy.
c. Marie does not feel any difference.
d. Marie becomes more sensitive to her own happiness.
A
b
8
Q
- Under which of the following conditions is overjustification effect most likely to occur?
a. Eleven-year-old Tom was very keen to learn French. He joined French classes. He spent a lot of time in
his classes and really enjoyed learning French for about six months.
b. A credit scheme was introduced. Tom could earn credits leading to a certificate. Tom started taking
greater interest in learning French and started spending more time in learning the language in
comparison to the time he spent learning it before the credit system was introduced.
c. The credit system was withdrawn. Tom became less interested and spent less time in learning the
language in comparison to the time he spent learning it before the credit system was introduced.
d. The credit system had nothing to do with Tom’s interest in learning French as well as the amount of
time he spends in taking French classes.
A
c
9
Q
- Jill, Benita, and Rhea go for an indoor rock-climbing event and the on-site coach is an attractive young
man. Benita is the most experienced climber of the three, followed by Rhea, and then Jill. As a result, Jill
feels a lot more nervous and falls a greater number of times more than her other two friends. Before they
leave, the trainer gives them his contact details for future appointments. Based on research, who would be
more likely to contact the young man?
a. Benita > Rhea > Jill
b. Jill > Rhea > Benita
c. All are equally likely
d. Only Jill
A
b
10
Q
- Elina’s parents wanted her to be the top student in her class. They always told her to compare herself
with those students who were performing far better than her, but Elina always felt inferior while doing so.
She wanted to feel good about herself. To boost her ego, she instead engaged in
a. an upward social comparison.
b. a same-level social comparison.
c. a downward social comparison.
d. a “best of the best” social comparison.
A
a
11
Q
- Which of the following is an example of “looking-glass self”?
a. We see ourselves and others according to our own views and resist others’ views. We just need to look
within us to know what abilities we have.
b. We see ourselves and others around us in accordance with the situation. We may or may not adopt
others’ views.
c. We see ourselves and others around us through the eyes of other people and often adopt their views.
This is especially true when we want to get along with each other.
d. We adopt the views of another person even if we don’t want to get along with each other.
A
c
12
Q
- Soha was not able to get her thoughts off her boyfriend, who she thought was going out with another
girl simultaneously. She needed to complete some school assignments on time. Under which of the
following conditions would Soha be most likely to meet her deadline?
a. Soha needs to force herself to suppress her thoughts and concentrate on her assignments.
b. Soha may spend time thinking about her boyfriend in the morning but she must exercise self-control
and focus on her assignments in the evening.
c. Soha may go out with her friends during the day and get back to her assignments when she is in the
mood.
d. Soha may pray for some time before beginning the task to muster up the energy required for
performing the task.
A
c
13
Q
- Jim, who is trying to lose weight and is on a diet, has spent all day ignoring a huge bowl of candy kept
on his coworker’s desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels exhausted and eats an entire container
of ice cream kept in his freezer. According to research on self-control, what is this example representative
of?
a. Ego depletion effect
b. Implementation intention failure
c. Loss-aversion theory
d. Prevention-focus theory
A
a
14
Q
- Alina needs to focus on her upcoming quizzes, but she has recently been engrossed in watching a
Japanese anime show. Under which of the following conditions is she most likely to study in the next few
days?
a. She says to herself, “I will study all day long for the next 2 days.”
b. She vows to her mother, “I will study the next day.”
c. She vows to stop thinking about the anime show so that she can focus on her studies.
d. She says to herself, “If I come back early from school tomorrow, then I will study instead of watching
anime.”
A
d
15
Q
- Sue, a popular girl, gives a sub-par presentation in class. Amanda, who wants to ingratiate herself with
Sue, is most likely to say which one of the following statements?
a. “At least your presentation wasn’t as bad as Andy’s.”
b. “Brilliant! I absolutely loved it!”
c. “The presentation wasn’t great, but I’m sure you’ll do much better next time.”
d. “That was a terrible presentation!”
A
b
